Search results for "Analytical"

Association of model peptides and dehydropeptides: N-acetyl-l-alanine- and dehydroalanine N′,N′-dimethylamides

2005

Abstract The comparative studies on the association of Ac-ΔAla-NMe 2 and Ac- l -Ala-NMe 2 in carbon tetrachloride were performed by the analysis of their average molecular weight, dipole moments and FTIR spectra. To aid spectroscopic interpretation and gain some deeper insight into the nature of associates, the geometries of the minimum energy of the dimers of Ac-ΔAla-NMe 2 and Ac- l -Ala-NMe 2 were calculated by the B3LYP/6-31+G** method. The average molecular weight in the studied concentration range, for the ΔAla and l -Ala peptide, as determined by the osmometric method, did not exceed 1.5 and 1.2 of the monomeric mass, respectively. Accordingly, the percentage of the monomeric form (α)…

Characterisation of the glycosidic linkage by infrared and Raman spectroscopy in the C-H stretching region: α,α-trehalose and α,α-trehalose-2,3,4,6,6…

1991

Abstract I.r. and Raman spectra of solid α,α-trehalose and α,α-trehalose- 2,3,4,6,6-d 10 in the C-H and C-D stretching regions are recorded. The experimental data are reproduced satisfactorily by normal co-ordinate and i.r. absorption intensity calculations which take into account the specific interactions of each C-H hydrogen with nearby oxygen lone-pairs. The relevance of the region 2800–3000 cm −1 in α,α-trehalose- 2,3,4,6,6-d 10 for the study of the conformational properties of the inter-glycosidic linkage is discussed.

Novel acrylamido monomers with higher hydrophilicity and improved hydrolytic stability: II. Properties of N-acryloylaminopropanol

1996

The physico-chemical properties and the electrophoretic behavior of the novel set of monomers reported by (Simo-Alfonso et al., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 723-731) have been evaluated. Of utmost importance was the combination of high hydrophilicity and extreme hydrolytic stability, most desired properties for, any electrophoretic matrix, especially for protein fractionation. One of these monomers (N-acryloylaminopropanol, AAP) was found indeed to be extremely hydrophilic (with a partition coefficient P of only 0.10, vs. P = 0.13 for N-acryloylaminoethoxyethanol and P = 0.20 for acrylamide) and to possess excellent stability to alkaline hydrolysis. Its hydrolysis constant (0.008 L mol-1 min-1…

Utilization of enzymatic detergents to clean inorganic membranes fouled by whey proteins

2005

In this work inorganic membranes used for whey protein fractionation were cleaned with enzymatic detergents. The inorganic membrane Carbosep ® M1 (Orelis S.A., France), of 150 kg/mol molecular weight cut-off and ZrO2 filtering layer, was used and the commercial detergent P3-Ultrasil ® 62 (Henkel IbS.A., Spain) was selected for the cleaning. Hydraulic and chemical methods were considered to characterize the membrane cleanliness. Cleaning efficiency was observed to be a function of the operating conditions: recycling versus non-recycling of permeate, cleaning solution pH, enzymatic agent concentration and cleaning time. The optimum conditions to perform the cleaning were related to the optimu…

Syntheses and properties of gel chromatography materials

1970

Abstract The effect of the mode of synthesis on the characteristics of cross-linked polymers is examined for cross-linked copolymers of ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene and vinyl acetate-divinyl adipate. For homogenously cross-linked gels the amount of cross-linking agent determines the “pore size” of these gels in the swollen state. Decreasing the amount of the divinyl component results in gels with an increase in the excluded molecular weight. The mechanical stability sets the experimental limit of their usage, so this type of gel is mostly suited for the separation of oligomers; polymers, however, may be separated by use of heterogenously cross-linked gels. The latter type of gel is prep…

Evaporation of tungsten oxides: A mass-spectrometric study of the vapour contents

1995

Abstract The evaporation of bulk oxides of WO2 and WO3 and oxidised tungsten surfaces (metallic tungsten heated in an oxygen atmosphere) have been studied by the means of mass-spectrometry. The principal constituents of the vapour are found to be molecules of WO2, WO3, W2O6 and W3O9. These results differ from earlier reports, where the presence of molecules smaller than W3O9 in the mass-spectrum was interpreted as an artifact due to electron impact dissociation of larger polymers.

Cyclic voltammetric analysis of pH-dependent complex formation equilibria in anion coordination chemistry

1995

A procedure to analyze pH-dependent complex formation equilibria from cyclic voltammetry is described. Application to adduct formation equilibria between [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) and [Fe(CN)(6)](3-) with different polyammonium receptors is discussed. Extension to the interaction of substrates such as ATP, NAD(+), NADP(+), and carboxylate ions with these receptors by means of competitive interaction with hexacyanoferrate(II) ion is presented.

1979

The kinetics of the anionic polymerization of styrene were investigated under pressure (1≤p/bar < 1800) with Na+ as counter ion in tetrahydropyran (THP) as solvent and with Cs+ as counter ion in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as solvent. The results yielded the activation volume of the contact ion pair ΔV and the sum (ΔV + ΔVcs) of the activation volume of the solvent separated ion pair ΔV and the volume change upon formation of solvent separated ion pairs from contact ion pairs ΔVcs. The numerical values are negative. The activation volume of the solvent separated ion pairs could be estimated.

Direct potentiometric immunoelectrodes

1993

TK pencil fine mines type Faber Castell Super polymer from Staedtler are used as graphite based material for an atrazine-sensitive immunoelectrode. Eighteen procedures are tested to immobilize antibodies against atrazine but only one turned out to be useful for the preparation of a graphite based immunoelectrode. It incorporates binding of glutardialdehyde to active sites of the graphite surface and subsequent cross-linking of the antibodies with glutardialdehyde. The method has been carefully optimized with respect to selectivity and the cross-sensitivity is determined for such an electrode based on atrazine-rabbit and atrazine-sheep antibodies as well. Due to the structural difference of …

Distribution and mobility of phosphates and sodium ions in cheese by solid-state 31 P and double-quantum filtered 23 Na NMR spectroscopy

2010

The feasibility of solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and (23)Na NMR spectroscopy to investigate both phosphates and Na(+) ions distribution in semi-hard cheeses in a non-destructive way was studied. Two semi-hard cheeses of known composition were made with two different salt contents. (31)P Single-pulse excitation and cross-polarization MAS experiments allowed, for the first time, the identification and quantification of soluble and insoluble phosphates in the cheeses. The presence of a relatively 'mobile' fraction of colloidal phosphates was evidenced. The detection by (23)Na single-quantum NMR experiments of all the sodium ions in t…