Search results for "Anemia"

Effects of environmental and occupational lead toxicity and its association with iron metabolism

2021

Abstract Background Discrepancies are present in the findings from clinical trials evaluating a physiological role of iron status in the lead-exposed population. Objective The purpose of this article was to summarize the current understanding of cellular mechanisms of lead toxicity and present a comprehensive review of existing clinical trials related to associations of lead poisoning and iron status. Although an association of iron metabolism pathways that are affected by lead intoxication has been studied, there are still aspects that remain to be elucidated. The existence of additional Pb uptake pathways besides DMT1 transporter-mediated is postulated to non-specifically regulate lead ab…

Anti-parietal cell antibodies – diagnostic significance

2015

Anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA) are an advantageous tool for screening for autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) and pernicious anemia (PA). The target for APCA is the H+/K+ ATP-ase. It has been demonstrated, that APCA target both, the alpha, and beta subunits of the proton pump, although the major antigen is the alpha subunit. Circulating serum APCA can be detected by means of immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – currently the most commonly used method, and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIA) – the 4A subunit has been optimized as a molecularspecific antigen probe. RIA is the most accurate method of antibody assessment, characterized by highest sensitivity. APCA can …

Auto-immune haemolytic anaemia in ulcerative colitis: report of three cases.

1994

Glycated albumin as a glycaemic marker in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and anaemia: a preliminary report.

2019

BACKGROUND: The association between glycated albumin (GA) and glycaemic status has not been fully described in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in relation to anaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between GA and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c in patients with advanced CKD and to evaluate the influence of anaemia in such relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with CKD stage 4 or 5 were included in the study. eGFR was calculated by the CKD-EPI creatinine equation. Plasma GA was measured by an enzymatic method. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were included in the study, 46 (57%) were males; the mean age was 67 ± 14 years. HbA1c was corre…

Folic Acid Deficiency Enhances Oral Contraceptive-Induced Platelet Hyperactivity

1997

Abstract In previous studies conducted in female rats and in women, oral contraceptives (OC) were found to induce a platelet hyperactivity that was related to an oxidative stress. Because cases of megaloblastic anemia have been reported to occur in women taking OC, these treatments are suspected of depleting folate stores. In the study presented herein, which was conducted in rats, we sought to determine the influence of dietary folic acid deficiency (FD) on the thrombogenicity of OC. Animals were fed for 6 weeks with either a folic acid-deficient diet (250 μg/kg folic acid) or a control diet (750 μg/kg). One-half of the animals in each group were treated with OC (ethinyl estradiol plus ly…

Anemia as a risk factor for disease progression in patients admitted for COVID-19: data from a large, multicenter cohort study

2023

: In respiratory infections, anemia is both a consequence of acute inflammation and a predictor of poor clinical outcomes. There are few studies investigating the role of anemia in COVID-19, suggesting a potential role in predicting disease severity. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between the presence of anemia at admission and incidence of severe disease and death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Data from all adult patients admitted for COVID-19 in University Hospital "P. Giaccone" Palermo, and University Hospital of Bari, Italy, were retrospectively collected from 1st of September 2020 to 31 August 2022. The association between anemia (defined as Hb < 13 g/dl …

Prevention of chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia by constant administration of stem cell factor.

2011

Abstract Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of immature hematopoietic cells is a major cause of anemia and thrombocytopenia in cancer patients. Although hematopoietic growth factors such as erythropoietin and colony-stimulating factors cannot prevent the occurrence of drug-induced myelosuppression, stem cell factor (SCF) has been previously shown to protect immature erythroid and megakaryocytic cells in vitro from drug-induced apoptosis. However, the effect of SCF in vivo as a single myeloprotective agent has never been elucidated. Experimental Design: The ability of SCF to prevent the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia was tested in a mouse model of cisplat…

Tumor Hypoxia: Causative Factors, Compensatory Mechanisms, and Cellular Response

2004

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain the effect of hypoxia on resistance to treatment. Describe the causes of tumor hypoxia. Characterize cellular response to hypoxia. Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of locally advanced solid tumors resulting from an imbalance between oxygen (O2) supply and consumption. Major causative factors of tumor hypoxia are abnormal structure and function of the microvessels supplying the tumor, increased diffusion distances between the nutritive blood vessels and the tumor cells, and reduced O2 tra…

Treatment Resistance of Solid Tumors

2001

Hypoxia is a characteristic property of locally advanced solid tumors, resulting from an imbalance between the supply and consumption of oxygen. Major pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of hypoxia are (1) structural and functional abnormalities of the tumor microvasculature, (2) increased diffusion distances, and (3) tumor-associated and therapy-induced anemia. The oxygenation status is independent of clinical tumor size, stage, grade, and histopathological type, but is affected by the hemoglobin level. Hypoxia is intensified in anemic patients, especially in tumors with low perfusion rates. Hypoxia and anemia (most probably via worsening of tumor hypoxia) can lead to therapeutic p…

O2 extraction is a key parameter determining the oxygenation status of malignant tumors and normal tissues

2003

The aim of this study was to assess pivotal factors determining the oxygenation status of malignant tumors, and, for comparison, of normal tissues. For this purpose, microvascular patterns, blood flow data, O2 consumption rates and O2 extractions were correlated to the median pO2 values of isografted rodent and xenografted human tumors, and of various normal tissues. No correlations were found between median pO2 values and vascular patterns, O2 consumption rate or blood flow rate. When O2 extraction, however, was considered (a comprehensive parameter which encompasses all of the above factors), a strong inverse correlation was found between this parameter and the median pO2 values, both for…