Search results for "Anglia"

Effects of Substantia Nigra pars compacta lesion on the behavioral sequencing in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson’s disease

2019

The basal ganglia circuitry plays a crucial role in the sequential organization of behavior. Here we studied the behavioral structure of the animals after 21 days of 6-OHDA-induced lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Frequencies and durations of individual components of the behavioral repertoire were calculated; moreover, whether a temporal organization of the activity was present, it was investigated by using T-pattern analysis, a multivariate approach able to detect the real-time sequential organization of behavior. Six sham-depleted and six rats with unilateral 6−OHDA-lesion of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta were used. As to quantitative evaluations, the comparison betwe…

Modulation of in vivo GABA-evoked responses by nitric oxide-active compounds in the globus pallidus of rat.

2012

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule acting as a messenger in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. NO affects synaptic activity by modulating neurotransmitter release and/or receptor function. We previously observed that NO-active compounds modify the bioelectric activity of basal ganglia (BG) units. In this study, we applied microiontophoresis to extracellular in vivo recordings to investigate the effect of NO-active compounds on GABA-evoked responses in the globus pallidus (GP) of anesthetized rats. The changes induced by NO-active drugs on the GABA-induced inhibition were used as indicators of NO modulation. The response to GABA release was tested on recorded GP neuron…

Study of spindle-spike interactions: Features of basal ganglia control

1987

Summary Changes in cortical spindle distribution following penicillin (PCN) injections were studied in feline generalized PCN epilepsy. PCN activation caused no substantial changes in spindle duration, frequency and intraburst frequency, while significant reductions in the amplitude of the negative waves were noted. At the same time combinations of spindle waves and epileptic complexes were recorded with one or more spikes randomly occurring at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a spindle envelope. Low frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus induced a certain degree of enhancement in cortical precruciate spike frequency while high frequency activation of the entopeduncular …

Overlap between emotional blunting, depression, and extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenia

2002

Cholinergic Control of Synchronized Seminal Emissions in Drosophila

2004

0960-9822 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; In many animal species, copulation involves the coordinated release of both sperm and seminal fluid, including substances that change female fertility and postmating behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, these substances increase female fertility and prevent mating with a second male. By using a PGal4 strain, we targeted together with other cells a dozen cholinergic neurons found only in the male abdominal ganglion (Abg-MAch). Genetic feminization apparently deleted these neurons in males and significantly increased their copulation duration, blocked their fertility in 60% of cases, and only weakly repress…

Vomeronasal inputs to the rodent ventral striatum.

2008

Vertebrates sense chemical signals through the olfactory and vomeronasal systems. In squamate reptiles, which possess the largest vomeronasal system of all vertebrates, the accessory olfactory bulb projects to the nucleus sphericus, which in turn projects to a portion of the ventral striatum known as olfactostriatum. Characteristically, the olfactostriatum is innervated by neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin immunoreactive fibers. In this study, the possibility that a structure similar to the reptilian olfactostriatum might be present in the mammalian brain has been investigated. Injections of dextran-amines have been aimed at the posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus (th…

Bilingualism at the core of the brain. Structural differences between bilinguals and monolinguals revealed by subcortical shape analysis.

2015

Naturally acquiring a language shapes the human brain through a long-lasting learning and practice process. This is supported by previous studies showing that managing more than one language from early childhood has an impact on brain structure and function. However, to what extent bilingual individuals present neuroanatomical peculiarities at the subcortical level with respect to monolinguals is yet not well understood, despite the key role of subcortical gray matter for a number of language functions, including monitoring of speech production and language control — two processes especially solicited by bilinguals. Here we addressed this issue by performing a subcortical surface-based anal…

Large-scale brain networks emerge from dynamic processing of musical timbre, key and rhythm

2012

We investigated the neural underpinnings of timbral, tonal, and rhythmic features of a naturalistic musical stimulus. Participants were scanned with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while listening to a stimulus with a rich musical structure, a modern tango. We correlated temporal evolutions of timbral, tonal, and rhythmic features of the stimulus, extracted using acoustic feature extraction procedures, with the fMRI time series. Results corroborate those obtained with controlled stimuli in previous studies and highlight additional areas recruited during musical feature processing. While timbral feature processing was associated with activations in cognitive areas of the cerebel…

Distribution of origin of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the rat epididymis.

1996

Abstract Distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) nerve fibers and somata in the rat epididymis and major pelvic ganglia was studied by immunohistochemical methods. In the epididymis, the supply of nNOS-IR fibers was highest in the cauda and became progressively fewer toward the caput. In the cauda and corpus, nNOS-IR fibers were distributed throughout the subepithelial tissues and around the epithelium. The pattern of distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive fibers in the epididymis was similar but the latter was generally more numerous in a given region as compared to that of nNOS-IR fibers. A popu…

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in spinal cord and superior cervical ganglion of the djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)

1993

The indirect immunofluorescent method was employed to investigate the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in the spinal cord and superior cervical ganglion of the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus. In cross-sections of the spinal cord, immunoreactive fibres and terminals were found in laminae 1 and 2 in high density, in the dorsolateral (Lissauer's) tract, in ventral and lateral horns, and in the area surrounding the central canal. A few CGRP-LI perikarya were seen in the ventral but not the dorsal horn. CGRP-LI was further observed in preganglionic sympathetic neurons which were labelled by retrograde axonal transport of fluoro-gold (FG) follo…