Search results for "Animal"
showing 10 items of 22159 documents
Genome sequence of SeIV-1, a novel virus from the Iflaviridae family infective to Spodoptera exigua
2011
Analysis of the transcriptome of Spodoptera exigua larvae revealed the presence of several ESTs with homology to virus of the order Picornavirales and with the highest similarity to Infectious flacherie virus (Iflaviridae) that infects Bombyx mori larvae. Iflaviridae is a recently defined family of insect-infecting viruses that consist of positive single strand RNA genomes translated into a single polyprotein of around 3000 amino acids long. Using the sequence information derived from the obtained ESTs, we have completed the genomic sequence of this virus. The novel S. exigua iflavirus (SeIV-1) has a genome of 10.3 kb and codes for a 3222 aa polyprotein. Expression analysis has revealed the…
Single amino acid substitutions in the glycoprotein B carboxy terminus influence the fusion from without property of herpes simplex virus type 1.
1995
Syncytial mutations of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains ANG, ANG path, HFEM, tsB5 and HSZP cause extensive cell fusion and were mapped to the cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein B (gB), within the syn 3 locus. These strains are so far the only ones which show the phenotype ‘fusion from without’ (FFWO): 60 min after infection with high m.o.i., cells in a tissue culture are fused without transcription and translation of the viral genome. In this report we detected, using the recombinants 27/III and K-7, that an amino acid exchange from Ala to Val at aa position 854 of gB is the main determinant for FFWO activity of strains ANG, ANG path and recombinant K-7. The transfer of this muta…
Colonization of adrenal glands and ovaries of mice by variants of HSV 1 and 2
1991
The herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected mouse model was used to correlate histopathological lesions in adrenal glands and ovaries with the localisation of viral nucleic acids and viral antigens, employing in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In the adrenals, the lesions were mainly restricted to the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis, sometimes extending to the medulla. In the ovaries, lesions were detected in follicles and in the stroma. During the course of infection, HSV nucleic acids could be detected earlier than HSV proteins. Next to the center of necrotic foci mainly HSV proteins were detected, whereas peripheral cells were found to contain viral nucleic acids. In s…
Evaluation of HBs, HBc, and frCP virus-like particles for expression of human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein epitopes.
2002
<i>Objectives:</i> In an attempt to develop virus-like particles (VLPs) as experimental vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced tumours, the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein epitopes spanning amino acid (aa) residues 35–98 were expressed on three proteins capable of VLP formation: hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface (HBs) and core (HBc) antigens, and RNA phage fr coats (frCP). <i>Methods:</i> The profile of immunoglobulin isotypes induced in Balb/C mice after immunization with purified chimeric proteins was studied. <i>Results:</i> The HBs*-E7(35–54) protein expressing E7 residues 35–54 between residues 139 and 142 of the HBs carrier formed HBs-like particles…
Oncolytic targeting of renal cell carcinoma via encephalomyocarditis virus
2010
Apoptosis is a fundamental host defence mechanism against invading microbes. Inactivation of NF-kappaB attenuates encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) virulence by triggering rapid apoptosis of infected cells, thereby pre-emptively limiting viral replication. Recent evidence has shown that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) increases NF-kappaB-mediated anti-apoptotic response in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) that commonly exhibit hyperactivation of HIF due to the loss of its principal negative regulator, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor protein. Here, we show that EMCV challenge induces a strong NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression profile concomitant with a lack of interferon-me…
PTC124-mediated translational readthrough of a nonsense mutation causing Usher syndrome type 1C.
2011
We investigated the therapeutic potential of the premature termination codon (PTC) readthrough-inducing drug PTC124 in treating the retinal phenotype of Usher syndrome, caused by a nonsense mutation in the USH1C gene. Applications in cell culture, organotypic retina cultures, and mice in vivo revealed significant readthrough and the recovery of protein function. In comparison with other readthrough drugs, namely the clinically approved readthrough-inducing aminoglycoside gentamicin, PTC124 exhibits significant better retinal biocompatibility. Its high readthrough efficiency in combination with excellent biocompatibility makes PTC124 a promising therapeutic agent for PTCs in USH1C, as well a…
STAT1 and Its Crucial Role in the Control of Viral Infections
2022
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 protein plays a key role in the immune response against viruses and other pathogens by transducing, in the nucleus, the signal from type I, type II and type III IFNs. STAT1 activates the transcription of hundreds of genes, some of which have been well characterized for their antiviral properties. STAT1 gene deletion in mice and complete STAT1 deficiency in humans both cause rapid death from severe infections. STAT1 plays a key role in the immunoglobulin class-switch recombination through the upregulation of T-bet; it also plays a key role in the production of T-bet+ memory B cells that contribute to tissue-resident humoral memory…
Characterization of the autoantigen La (SS-B) as a dsRNA unwinding enzyme
1997
During the analysis of the La (SS-B) autoantigen for catalytic activities an ATP-dependent double-stranded RNA unwinding activity was detected. Both native and recombinant La proteins from different species displayed this activity, which could be inhibited by monospecific anti-La antibodies. La protein was able to melt dsRNA substrates with either two 3'-overhangs or a single 3'- and a 5'-overhang. Double-stranded RNAs with two 5'-overhangs were not unwound, indicating that at least one 3'-overhang is required for unwinding. Sequence elements of the La protein that might be involved in dsRNA unwinding, such as an evolutionarily conserved putative ATP-binding motif and an element that is hom…
Quantitative microscopy reveals stepwise alteration of chromatin structure during herpesvirus infection
2019
During lytic herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, the expansion of the viral replication compartments leads to an enrichment of the host chromatin in the peripheral nucleoplasm. We have shown previously that HSV-1 infection induces the formation of channels through the compacted peripheral chromatin. Here, we used three-dimensional confocal and expansion microscopy, soft X-ray tomography, electron microscopy, and random walk simulations to analyze the kinetics of host chromatin redistribution and capsid localization relative to their egress site at the nuclear envelope. Our data demonstrated a gradual increase in chromatin marginalization, and the kinetics of chromatin smoothening arou…
Tumor targeting of baculovirus displaying a lymphatic homing peptide.
2008
Background Tumor-associated cells and vasculature express attractive molecular markers for site-specific vector targeting. To attain tumor-selective tropism, we recently developed a baculovirus vector displaying the lymphatic homing peptide LyP-1, originally identified by ex vivo/in vivo screening of phage display libraries, on the viral envelope by fusion to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein. Methods In the present study, we explored the specificity and kinetics of viral binding and internalization as well as in vivo tumor homing of the LyP-1 displaying virus to elucidate the applicability of baculovirus for targeted therapies. Results We demonstrated that th…