Search results for "Apolipoprotein"
showing 10 items of 354 documents
Effects of phytosterol ester-enriched low-fat milk on serum lipoprotein profile in mildly hypercholesterolaemic patients are not related to dietary c…
2010
Phytosterols (PS) are recommended to reduce LDL-cholesterol. However, the influence of cholesterol and fat intake on the lipid-lowering effect of PS in mildly hypercholesterolaemia is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the efficacy of PS is related to the composition of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol intake. Additionally, serum carotenoid content was analysed to evaluate to what extent it was undermined by PS. This was a 3-month randomised, parallel trial with a three-arm design. Patients were divided into three groups: healthy diet (n 24), healthy diet + PS (n 31) and free diet + PS (n 29), receiving 2 g/d of PS. Healthy and free diets were character…
Reduced penetrance of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia in a high percentage of families: importance of genetic testing in the entire family.
2011
Abstract Background Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemias (ADHs) are characterised by increased plasma levels of total and LDL cholesterol, predisposing to premature atherosclerosis. ADHs comprise several diseases with undistinguishable phenotype, caused by mutations in different genes: LDLR, APOB and PCSK9. Genetic studies are usually performed in patients with altered cholesterol levels. However, some persons carrying pathogenic mutations are normocholesterolemic and there are no further studies about this subject. We have studied the frequency of families and individuals carrying ADH mutations who do not present the disease in Spanish population. Methods We have analysed genes known t…
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Proinflammatory Gene Variants
2007
We identified four genetic risk sets for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from information on functional gene variants that favor inflammation or modulate cholesterol metabolism: IL6 -174 G/C, TNF -308 G/A, IL10 -1082 G/A, SERPINA3 -51 G/T, IFNG +874 T/A, HMGCR -911 C/A, and APOE ε2/3/4; 316 patients and 461 healthy subjects, all Italian. Putative risk alleles are shown underlined. The sets were identified using grade-of-membership analysis. Membership scores in the sets are automatically generated for individuals. The ''low intrinsic risk'' set had alleles that downregulate inflammation and cholesterol synthesis (IL6, TNF, ILl0, HMGCR). ''AMI across a broad age range'' carried multiple pr…
Apolipoprotein E Genotypic Frequencies Among Down Syndrome Patients Imply Early Unsuccessful Aging for ApoE4 Carriers
2007
Down syndrome (DS) might be considered a model for unsuccessful and early aging, possibly accelerated for those who carry the APOE4 allele associated with common age-related diseases, e.g., Alzheimer's disease and a poor prognosis after acute myocardial infarction, causing lower ApoE4 frequencies among the very old in general populations. We compared ApoE genotypic frequencies found for healthy adults (n = 211, age 90) to those found for DS patients (n = 106, mean age 9 years), all living in western Sicily. We found that the frequency of the ApoE23 genotype increased with age among the healthy adults (8.5%, 6.4%, 19.7%; p = 0.024) while ApoE34 frequency decreased (16.1%, 12.6%, 4.1%; p = 0.…
Association of smoking but not HLA-DRB1*15:01, APOE or body mass index with brain atrophy in early multiple sclerosis
2019
Background: The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) shows substantial inter-individual variability. The underlying determinants of disease severity likely involve genetic and environmental factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of APOE and HLA polymorphisms as well as smoking and body mass index (BMI) in the very early MS course. Methods: Untreated patients ( n = 263) with a recent diagnosis of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS or clinically isolated syndrome underwent standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Genotyping was performed for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3135388 tagging the HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotype and rs7412 (Ɛ2) and rs429358 (Ɛ4) in APOE. …
Saturated fat intake and alcohol consumption modulate the association between the APOE polymorphism and risk of future coronary heart disease: a nest…
2011
The association is still not clear between the common APOE polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, nor its modulation by diet. Thus, our aim was to study the association between the APOE genotypes and incident CHD and how dietary fat and alcohol consumption modify these effects. We performed a nested case-control study in the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Healthy men and women (41,440, 30-69 years) were followed up over a 10-year period, with the incident CHD cases being identified. We analyzed 534 incident CHD cases and 1123 controls. APOE, dietary intake and plasma lipids were determined at baseline. The APOE polymorphism was sign…
Prevalence of Apolipoprotein E Alleles in Healthy Subjects and Survivors of Ischemic Stroke
1998
Background and Purpose —The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been related to the occurrence of myocardial infarction, but its association with ischemic stroke is controversial. We have evaluated the relation between apoE alleles and the occurrence of cerebrovascular ischemia. Methods —The apoE ε genotypes of 100 patients with a documented history of ischemic stroke without clinically apparent dementia (stroke+) and 108 subjects without such history (stroke−) were determined. The relative frequency of the apoE alleles and genotypes was estimated in 398 healthy subjects aged <40 years from the same ethnic background. Results —The frequency of the apoE ε4 allele in stroke+ (0.1…
Associations of LPL and APOC3 gene polymorphisms on plasma lipids in a mediterranean population: Interaction with tobacco smoking and the APOE locus
2002
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a Spanish population (n = 1,029) to investigate associations between the LPL and APOC3 gene loci (LPL-HindIII, LPL-S447X, and APOC3-SstI) and plasma lipid levels and their interaction with APOE polymorphisms and smoking. Carriers of the H− or the X447 allele had higher levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and lower levels of TG, after adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and education (P < 0.01). The APOC3 polymorphism presented additive effects to the LPL variants on TG and HDL-C levels in men, and on TG in women. The most and the least favorable haplotype combinations were H−/X447/S1 and H+/S447/S2, respectively. These comb…
Inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis and platelet function by simvastatin in type IIa hypercholesterolemia
1995
Abstract Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) biosynthesis is enhanced in the majority of patients with type IIa hypercholesterolemia. Because simvastatin (a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) was previously shown to reduce platelet aggregation and TXB 2 production ex vivo, we investigated TXA 2 biosynthesis and platelet function in 24 patients with type IIa hypercholesterolemia randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion simvastatin (20 mg/d) or placebo for 3 months. The urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , largely a reflection of platelet TXA 2 production in vivo, was measured by a previously validated radioimmunoassay technique. Blood lipid levels and urinary 11-dehyd…
Isolated and Joint Effects of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption on Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
2010
The roles of smoking and alcohol on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We performed a case-control study on the effects of both exposures before the age of onset of the disease in the cases (and same reference age for their age-matched controls) on disease risk. Interviews were conducted with population controls (n=246) and relatives of cases (n=176) identified through local Alzheimer's Disease Associations. Logistic regression models were built adjusting by gender, age, residence, education, economic situation, employment, and history of dementia in close relatives. Risk of AD was unaffected by any measure of tobacco consumption. Alcohol consumers showed a lower ri…