Search results for "Apse"

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma

2020

Simple Summary The evolving data from trials assessing novel combinations as a part of the frontline and relapse treatment in transplant and non-transplant candidates have markedly improved the anti-myeloma efficacy of the different therapeutic regimens and improved patients’ prognosis. Current treatment objectives are focused to further improve the rate of complete remission, time to progression, progression-free survival and overall survival without increasing toxicity. Besides, different strategies are being developed in the elderly population as this group of patients requires a closer monitoring with individualized, dose-modified regimens to improve tolerability while maintaining their…

Subsynaptic Distribution, Lipid Raft Targeting and G Protein-Dependent Signalling of the Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor in Synaptosomes from the Mouse H…

2021

Numerous studies have investigated the roles of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Here, we used the cell-type-specific CB1 rescue model in mice to gain insight into the organizational principles of plasma membrane targeting and Gαi/o protein signalling of the CB1 receptor at excitatory and inhibitory terminals of the frontal cortex and hippocampus. By applying biochemical fractionation techniques and Western blot analyses to synaptosomal membranes, we explored the subsynaptic distribution (pre-, post-, and extra-synaptic) and CB1 receptor compartmentalization into lipid and non-lipid raft plasma membrane microdomains and the signalling properties.…

Acetaldehyde as a drug of abuse: insight into AM281 administration on operant-conflict paradigm in rats

2013

Increasing evidence focuses on acetaldehyde (ACD) as the mediator of the rewarding and motivational properties of ethanol. Indeed, ACD stimulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and it is self-administered under different conditions. Besides the dopaminergic transmission, the endocannabinoid system has been reported to play an important role in ethanol central effects, modulating primary alcohol rewarding effect, drug-seeking and relapse behaviour. Drug motivational properties are highlighted in operant paradigms which include response-contingent punishment, a behavioural equivalent of compulsive drug use despite adverse consequences. The aim of this study was thus to characterize…

Synapseudes Shiinoi Riggio, 1973, a Species of Tanaidacea Found in the Mediterranean

1977

During the bionomic survey carried out in the course of 1968 on the biogenic platform bordering the rocky shore of Mount Pellegrino in the Bay of Palermo (northwestern Sicily) some individuals of a species of Synapseudes Miller (1940) were found in samples of Tanaidacea taken during the winter at station no. 1. This find is of considerable interest as no Synapseudes species had hitherto been described from the Mediterranean, although the presence of this genus on the coast of southern France has been mentioned by Bellan-Santini (1962, 1969). Careful examination of the specimens revealed that they belonged to a new species, which was named after Prof. Sueo M. Shiino in gratitude for his kind…

Stellar hydrodynamics with glaister's riemann solver: An approach to the stellar collapse

1990

La resolution de Remann approximee de la solution des equations d'Euler de la dynamique des gaz 1 D, developpee par Glaister P. (1988, J. Comput. Phys., 74) est introduite dans un code hydrodynamique lagrangien et appliquee a l'effondrement stellaire a symetrie spherique

In Vivo Imaging of Partially Reversible Th17 Cell-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction in the Course of Encephalomyelitis

2010

SummaryNeuronal damage in autoimmune neuroinflammation is the correlate for long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Here, we investigated the role of immune cells in neuronal damage processes in animal models of MS by monitoring experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by using two-photon microscopy of living anaesthetized mice. In the brainstem, we detected sustained interaction between immune and neuronal cells, particularly during disease peak. Direct interaction of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific Th17 and neuronal cells in demyelinating lesions was associated with extensive axonal damage. By combining confocal, electron, and intravital microsc…

NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is an essential post-transcriptional regulator of T-cell activation affecting F-actin dynamics and TCR signaling

2018

NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is the key protein of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and is important for the development of lymph nodes and other secondary immune organs. We elucidated the specific role of NIK in T cells using T-cell specific NIK-deficient (NIKΔT) mice. Despite showing normal development of lymphoid organs, NIKΔT mice were resistant to induction of CNS autoimmunity. T cells from NIKΔT mice were deficient in late priming, failed to up-regulate T-bet and to transmigrate into the CNS. Proteomic analysis of activated NIK-/- T cells showed de-regulated expression of proteins involved in the formation of the immunological synapse: in particular, proteins involved in cytoskeleton dy…

Microglia in CNS development: Shaping the brain for the future

2017

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and are mainly known for their roles in neuropathologies. However, major recent developments have revealed that these immune cells actively interact with neurons in physiological conditions and can modulate the fate and functions of synapses. Originating from myeloid precursors born in the yolk sac, microglial cells invade the CNS during early embryonic development. As a consequence they can potentially influence neuronal proliferation, migration and differentiation as well as the formation and maturation of neuronal networks, thereby contributing to the entire shaping of the CNS. We review here recent evidenc…

The electrophysiology of adenosine in the mammalian central nervous system

1991

Gray Matter NG2 Cells Display Multiple Ca2+-Signaling Pathways and Highly Motile Processes

2011

NG2 cells, the fourth type of glia in the mammalian CNS, receive synaptic input from neurons. The function of this innervation is unknown yet. Postsynaptic changes in intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) might be a possible consequence. We employed transgenic mice with fluorescently labeled NG2 cells to address this issue. To identify Ca(2+)-signaling pathways we combined patch-clamp recordings, Ca(2+)-imaging, mRNA-transcript analysis and focal pressure-application of various substances to identified NG2-cells in acute hippocampal slices. We show that activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+)-channels, Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA-receptors, and group I metabotropic glutamate-receptors provo…