Search results for "Arbuscular mycorrhiza"

Rehabilitation of Mediterranean anthropogenic soils using symbiotic wild legume shrubs: Plant establishment and impact on the soil bacterial communit…

2010

Abstract Susceptibility to desertification in southern Europe is increasing and rehabilitation of desertification-threatened Mediterranean soils is a challenge due to the inhospitality of the environment. In particular, recovery of anthropogenic soils (mainly human-derived artefacts from housing construction and other inert materials or topsoil of terminal phase municipal landfills) cannot rely on spontaneous processes and low-cost/low-impact strategies are needed to prevent desertification. Mediterranean wild legume shrubs have great potential for soil recovery and conservation against desertification, thanks to drought resistance, and their symbiosis with N2-fixing rhizobia and arbuscular…

2019

With growing populations and climate change, assuring food and nutrition security is an increasingly challenging task. Climate-smart and sustainable agriculture, that is, conceiving agriculture to be resistant and resilient to a changing climate while keeping it viable in the long term, is probably the best solution. The role of soil biota and particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in this new agriculture is believed to be of paramount importance. However, the large nutrient pools and the microbiota of subsoils are rarely considered in the equation. Here we explore the potential contributions of subsoil AM fungi to a reduced and more efficient fertilization, carbon sequestration, an…

Arbuscular mycorrhiza - studies on the geosiphon symbiosis lead to the characterization of the first glomeromycotan sugar transporter

2007

Article Addendum ; International audience; The intimate arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) association between roots and obligate symbiotic Glomeromycota (‘AM fungi’) ‘feeds’ about 80% of land plants. AM forming fungi supply land plants with inorganic nutrients and have an enormous impact on terrestrial ecosystems. In return, AM fungi obtain up to 20% of the plant‑fixed CO2, putatively as monosaccharides. In a recent work we have reported the characterization of the first glomeromycotan monosaccharide transporter, GpMST1, and its gene sequence. We discuss that AM fungi might take up sugars deriving from plant cell‑wall material. The GpMST1 sequence delivers valuable data for the isolation of orthol…

Raspberry biotisation for quality plant production

2008

International audience; Biotisation with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria has been shown to be efficient in improving raspberry plant growth, particularly during the acclimatisation phase of in vitro produced plants. It also increases raspberry tolerance to Phytophthora fragariae var rubi which causes disastrous effects in the field and is not efficiently controlled by fungicides. The contamination of young plants during their multiplication has been a major source of spreading for this disease. For quality insurance, it is therefore important to produce plants which are healthy and devoid of P. fragariae var rubi contamination. In addition, the raspberry market is growing followin…

Detection of a plant enzyme exhibiting chlorogenate-dependant caffeoyltransferase activity in methanolic extracts of arbuscular mycorrhizal tomato ro…

2012

When Glomus intraradices-colonised tomato roots were extracted in methanol at 6 degrees C, chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally present in the extract, was slowly converted by transesterification into methyl caffeate. The progress of the reaction could be monitored by HPLC. The reaction only occurred when the ground roots were left in contact with the hydro-alcoholic extract and required the presence of 15-35% water in the mixture. When the roots were extracted in ethanol, chlorogenic acid was transformed to ethyl caffeate in the same conditions. The reaction was also detected in Glomus mosseae-colonised tomato root extracts. It was also detectable in non-mycorrhizal root ext…

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and maternal plant sex on seed germination and early plant establishment.

2015

Premise of the study: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi usually enhance overall plant performance, yet their effects on seed germi- nation and early plant establishment, crucial steps in plant cycles, are generally overlooked. In gynodioecious species, sexual dimorphism in these traits has been reported, with females producing seeds that germinate at a faster rate than seeds from hermaphrodites. • Methods: Using the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum, I investigated in a greenhouse experiment whether the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores affects seed germination and early plant establishment, examining at the same time whether the sex of the mother producing the seeds also influence…

Molecular and agronomic responses to plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in durum wheat

2013

Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi contribute to plant nutrient uptake by increasing the availability of nutrients and the root adsorbing surface (Garg et al., 2006; Asghar et al. 2002). The first objective of this study was to determine the effects of these associations on plant total biomass and grain yield in durum wheat (cv. Anco Marzio). Secondly, we aimed to analyze the root transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in response to mychorrizal infections and the expression pattern of key genes involved in nutrient uptake and stress responses. Field analysis were carried out in inner Sicily, a typical Mediterranean area. Four types of biotic a…

Fungal proteins in the extra-radical phase of arbuscular mycorrhiza: a shotgun proteomic picture

2009

International audience

Mutations in DMI3 and SUNN modify the appressorium-responsive root proteome in arbuscular mycorrhiza.

2006

Modification of the Medicago truncatula root proteome during the early stage of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was investigated by comparing, using two-dimensional electrophoresis, the protein patterns obtained from non-inoculated roots and roots synchronized for Glomus intraradices appressorium formation. This approach was conducted in wild-type (J5), mycorrhiza-defective (TRV25, dmi3), and autoregulation-defective (TR122, sunn) M. truncatula genotypes. The groups of proteins that responded to appressorium formation were further compared between wild-type and mutant genotypes; few overlaps and major differences were recorded, demonstrating that mutations in DMI3 and SUNN modified the ap…

Technical improvements for analysis of recalcitrant proteins by LC-MS : the myccorhiza responsive membrane proteome as a case study

2012

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are widespread symbiotic associations between plant roots and AM fungi. Deep membrane alterations are the foremost morphological changes occurring in the host plant in response to AM symbiosis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is the workhorse method in AM proteomics. Membrane proteins are under-represented in 2-DE because of their hydrophobicity, low abundance, and precipitation at their isoelectric point, thereby few are the identified membrane proteins involved in sustaining the AM symbiosis. Membrane proteomics is still challenging due to 2-DE related shortcomings, however latest trends and advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative p…