Search results for "Archaea"

Identification and quantification of microbial populations in activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes

2014

Eight different phenotypes were studied in an activated sludge process (AeR) and anaerobic digester AnD) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and automated FISH quantification software. The phenotypes were ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO), glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO), sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methanotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Some findings were unexpected: (a) Presence of PAO, GAO and denitrifiers in the AeR possibly due to unexpected environmental conditions caused by oxygen deficiencies or its ability to survive …

Cell Envelopes of Methanogens

2010

Methanogens play an important role in the global carbon cycle, because they are involved in the last step of anaerobic degradation of organic material to methane. Although the first report on methane emanation from aquatic muds was given by Alessandro Volta in the year 1776, the first methanogen was not obtained in pure culture before 1947. Special culture techniques had to be developed for growing the strict anaerobic methanogenic isolates. The methanogens were the first species of the archaeal domain (Archaea) detected. Their unique biochemical and genetic properties have stimulated basic investigations of this microbial group in the last three decades. The methanogenic Archaea possess a …

Aerobic Endospore-forming Bacteria and Soil Invertebrates

2011

The intestinal microbiotas of only a few soil invertebrates such as collembola (springtails), earthworms, nematodes, isopods (woodlice and pill bugs), millipedes and termites have been studied by classical and molecular methods in the last decades. It became obvious that these lower members of the soil biota harbour complex microbial communities that sometimes reach counts of 1011 cells ml−1 in their intestinal tracts. The gut microbiotas of the soil fauna include a variety of microorganisms from all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya). The bacterial species can mainly be assigned to the Gram-positive phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria as well as the Gram-negative phyla Prot…

Cell Wall Structures of Mesophilic, Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Archaea

2006

Archaea Analogue Thiolipids for Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes on Ultrasmooth Gold Surfaces

2003

Liquid co-substrates repower sewage microbiomes

2018

AbstractA range of parameters are known to shape the methanogenic communities of biogas-producing digesters and to strongly influence the amount of biogas produced. In this work, liquid and solid fractions of grass biomass were used separately for semicontinuous batch methanation using sewage sludge as seed sludge. During 6 months of incubation, the amount of input COD was increased gradually, and the underlying methanogenic microbiome was assessed by means of microscopy-based automated cell counting and full-length 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. In this sense, we prove for the first time the suitability of the ONT™MinION platform as a monitoring tool for anaerobic digestion systems. …

Vertical stratification of bacteria and archaea in sediments of a small boreal humic lake

2019

Polysaccharide‐containing Cell‐wall Polymers of Archaea

2002

Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structure Glutaminylglycan Heteropolysaccharide Methanochondroitin Pseudomurein S-Layer Lipoglycan Occurrence Functions Biochemistry Biosynthesis Biological Activity Molecular Genetics Biodegradation Methanochondroitin Pseudomurein Production (Producers, World market, Applications, Patents) Outlook and Perspectives Acknowledgements Keywords: glutaminylglycan; heteropolysaccharide; methanochondroitin; pseudomurein; S-layer (glyco-)protein; Archaea; cell envelope; cell-wall polysaccharides

The first successful crystallization of a prokaryotic extremely thermophilic outer surface layer glycoprotein

1999

AbstractMethanoihermus fervidusbelongs to the group of hyperthermophilic Archaea. The Archaea comprise organisms that live under environmental extremes, like high temperature, lowpH value or high salt concentration. The outer surface of the pseudomurein sacculi of the cells ofMethanothermus fervidusis covered by glycoprotein subunits (S-layer) directly exposed to the extreme environment. The elucidation of the crystal structure of this surface glycoprotein may provide important information on the survival strategies of these unusual micro-organisms. Before our investigations neither three-dimensional crystals have been obtained nor X-ray analyses were performed. Only electron microscopic an…

Disentangling the effects of methanogen community and environment on peatland greenhouse gas production by a reciprocal transplant experiment

2020

Northern peatlands consist of a mosaic of peatland types that vary spatially and temporally and differ in their methane (CH4) production. Microbial community composition and environment both potentially control the processes that release carbon from anoxic peat either as CH4 or carbon dioxide (CO2), a less potent greenhouse gas than CH4. However, the respective roles of these controls remain unclear, which prevents incorporating microbes in the predictions of peatland CH4 emissions. 2.Here, a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out to separate the influences of microbial community and environment in CH4 and anaerobic CO2 production. Peat from an acidic Sphagnum bog and a sedge fen …