Search results for "Arid"
showing 10 items of 1382 documents
Pairing success and sperm reserve of male Gammarus pulex infected by Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea).
2011
SUMMARYManipulative parasites with complex life cycles are known to induce behavioural and physiological changes in their intermediate hosts. Cyathocephalus truncatus is a manipulative parasite which infects Gammarus pulex as intermediate host. G. pulex males display pre-copulatory mate guarding as a response to male-male competition for access to receptive females. In this paper, we tested the influence that C. truncatus-infection might have on male G. pulex sperm number and pairing success. We considered 3 classes of G. pulex males in our experiments: (i) uninfected males found paired in the field, (ii) uninfected males found unpaired in the field, or (iii) infected males found unpaired i…
Fate and effects of the trehalase inhibitor trehazolin in the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria).
2009
Abstract Trehalose is the main haemolymph sugar in many insect species. To be utilized trehalose must be hydrolysed into its glucose units by trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28). Inhibitors of trehalase have attracted interest as possible pesticides and tools for studying the regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects. To make full use of these inhibitors requires knowledge of their fate and effects in vivo. To this end we have measured trehazolin in locusts using a method based on the specific inhibition of a trehalase preparation. After injection of 20 μg, trehazolin decreased in haemolymph with a half-life of 2.6 days and after 10 days almost 95% had disappeared. Trehazolin did not reach the intr…
Adenoids of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses demonstrate typical alterations.
2015
Abstract Objective Tonsillar hypertrophy caused by the progressive accumulation of partially degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within the cells is a typical symptom in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). We studied the tissue of adenoids and tonsils of patients suffering from MPS with special regard to characteristic morphological features serving as possible markers for diagnosis. Methods Adenoids of 87 patients and tonsils of 4 patients with MPS (2 patients with MPS I, 7 MPS II, 5 MPS IV and 10 MPS VI and 63 controls) and controls were examined. Examinations were repeated in a blinded manner by two pathologists. Results The key feature observed was a subepithelial “clearing” on sc…
Cumulative incidence rates of the mucopolysaccharidoses in Germany
2005
In order to estimate the cumulative incidence rates of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) in Germany, a retrospective epidemiological survey covering the period between 1980 and 1995 was implemented. Multiple ascertainment sources were used to identify affected patients. A prevalence of approximately 0.69 cases per 100,000 births was obtained for MPS I (Hurler phenotype). Within the study period, 4 patients with Hurler/Scheie phenotype and 7 cases with Scheie disease were detected. The cumulative incidence for MPS II (Hunter syndrome) was estimated as 0.64 cases per 100,000 births (1.3 cases per 100,000 male live births); that for MPS III (Sanfilippo syndrome types A, B and C) as 1.57 cases in…
Linking Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Infant Fecal Community Types, and Later Risk To Require Antibiotics
2020
Human milk is the sole and recommended nutrition for the newborn infant and contains one of the largest constituents of diverse oligosaccharides, dubbed human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Preclinical and clinical association studies indicate that HMOs have multiple physiological functions largely mediated through the establishment of the gut microbiome. Until recently, HMOs were not available to investigate their role in randomized controlled intervention trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of 2 HMOs on establishing microbiota in newborn infants. We provide a detailed description of the microbiota changes observed upon feeding a formula with 2 HMOs in comparis…
Vesicoureteral reflux in young patients: Comparison of voiding color Doppler US with echo enhancement versus voiding cystourethrography for diagnosis…
2004
We assessed the accuracy of voiding color Doppler ultrasonography (US) with echo enhancement for diagnosis or exclusion of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) versus voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and evaluated patient tolerance of the echo-enhancing agent. One hundred twenty-two patients (ages range, 1 month to 17 years) with 244 ureterorenal units underwent voiding color Doppler US with echo enhancement, which was followed by VCUG on the same day. After US of the urinary tract, the bladder was filled with saline solution via catheter. Then an echo-enhancing agent was instilled, and color Doppler US was performed. Reflux was diagnosed when microbubbles appeared in the ureter or the pelvicalicea…
Hunter disease before and during enzyme replacement therapy.
2011
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter disease) is a lysosomal storage disease attributable to X-linked deficiency of the enzyme α-L-iduronate-sulfatase. Because of this deficiency, glycosaminoglycanes accumulate in various tissues and body fluids. We describe three patients representing the broad spectrum of Hunter disease and their response to enzyme replacement therapy. Patient 1 did not manifest central nervous system involvement, patient 2 manifested moderate neurologic disease, and patient 3 had already manifested a severe neurologic course during early infancy. In all patients, improvements in visceral organ size, physical capacity, and gastrointestinal functioning were reported. More…
Clinical evaluation of a new starter formula for infants containing live Bifidobacterium longum BL999 and prebiotics.
2006
Abstract Objectives The larger number of bifidobacteria in the intestine of breast-fed infants has been associated with their better health compared with formula-fed infants. We assessed the safety and tolerability of an experimental formula containing 2 × 10 7 colony-forming units of Bifidobacterium longum BL999 and 4 g/L of a prebiotic mixture containing 90% galacto-oligosaccharides and 10% fructo-oligosaccharides. Methods A 7-mo prospective, randomized, reference-controlled, double-blinded trial was performed in infants who were not breast fed after the 14th day of birth. One hundred thirty-eight infants were enrolled and assigned to receive the control or experimental formula until they…
The anti-CD14 antibody IC14 suppresses ex vivo endotoxin stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with chronic heart failure
2006
Background: Activation of the endotoxin (LPS) receptor, CD14, leads to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) production. Plasma LPS activity is elevated in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF). An anti-CD14 antibody, IC14, blocks TNF production in healthy volunteers. It is not known whether IC14 prevents TNF production in CHF patients. Methods and results: Blood from 20 CHF patients (age 64±2.1 years, NYHA class 2.2±0.1, LVEF 27±3%, mean±SEM) was pre-incubated with 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10 and 50 μg/mL IC14 for 1 h followed by incubation with 1 or 10 ng/mL LPS for 6 h. Fourteen subjects served as controls (58±2.4 years). LPS-stimulated TNF release was 76% and 60% greater at 1 and 10 ng/mL …
Prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in mucopolysaccharidosis type II by mutation analysis. A 47,XXY male heterozygous for a missense point mutat…
1994
Identification of iduronate-2-sulphatase (IDS) gene mutations in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) allows fast and reliable carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. We describe here three cases of prenatal diagnosis by direct detection of the gene mutation. In addition to two affected male fetuses from two different families, a 47,XXY fetus carrying both the normal and the mutant allele was diagnosed in a third family. The latter pregnancy was carried to term and the child is obviously not affected by MPS II.