Search results for "Arid"
showing 10 items of 1382 documents
Evolution of organic carbon pools and microbial diversity in hyperarid anthropogenic soils
2016
Abstract We investigated the organic carbon pools and the microbial diversity and activity in anthropogenic terraced soils in a desert area of Southern Peru to highlight how the introduction of agriculture influences carbon evolution and storage and genetic and functional diversity of soil microbiota over time. Five sites were selected considering soils cultivated since 5, 15, 20, 35 and 65 years, sampled along the profile depth (0–20 and 20–40 cm layer). Soil and microbial parameters comprised by organic carbon pools, microbial respiration, microbial community physiological profile (CLPP) and microbial diversity (PCR-DGGE) were determined. The results showed that the highest C concentratio…
Unsaturated Oral Fat Load Test Improves Glycemia, Insulinemia and Oxidative Stress Status in Nondiabetic Subjects with Abdominal Obesity.
2016
Aims To evaluate the changes in glycemia, insulinemia, and oxidative stress markers during an oral fat load test in nondiabetic subjects with abdominal obesity and to analyze the association between postprandial oxidative stress markers and postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Methods We included 20 subjects with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women) and 20 healthy lean controls (waist circumference < 102 cm for men and < 88 cm for women). After 12 hours of fasting we performed a standardized fat load test (0–8 hours) with supracal® (50 g/m2). We determined metabolic parameters, oxidized and reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Results In…
Oleanolic acid improves diet-induced obesity by modulating fat preference and inflammation in mice.
2018
Obesity, triggered by high-fat diet (HFD), is associated to altered gustatory perception of dietary lipids. Oleanolic acid (OLA), a triterpene, has been reported to exert anti-obesity effects in animal models. Hence, we investigated the role of OLA in the modulation of oro-sensory perception of lipids in control and HFD-induced obese mice. As expected, OLA-treated obese mice exhibited a decrease in body, liver, and visceral adipose tissue weights. OLA treatment improved glucose tolerance, insulin level, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. OLA-treated obese mice exhibited higher fat preference compared to untreated obese mice, probably du…
Flow cytometric analysis of T cell/monocyte ratio in clinically isolated syndrome identifies patients at risk of rapid disease progression.
2015
Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory central nervous system disease diagnosed by clinical presentation and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings. The role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has been emphasized in particular in the context of differential diagnosis in patients with a first episode suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Objective: We investigated here the potential additional value of analysis of CSF cellularity by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) in the setting of a routine diagnostic work-up in our inpatient clinic. Methods: CSF cells from back-up samples from patients with suspected chronic inflammatory central nervous system disord…
Bevacizumab diminishes inflammation in an acute endotoxin-induced uveitis model
2017
Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la página web de la revista en la siguiente URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00649/full Introduction: Uveitis is an eye disease characterized by inflammation of the uvea and an early and exhaustive diagnosis is essential for its treatment. The aim of our study is to assess the potential toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Bevacizumab in an experimental uveitis model by subcutaneously injecting lipopolysaccharide into Lewis rats and to clarify its mechanism. Material and Methods: Blood–aqueous barrier integrity was assessed 24 h after endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) by analyzing two parameters: cell count and protein…
Effect of colorectal cancer-derived extracellular vesicles on the immunophenotype and cytokine secretion profile of monocytes and macrophages.
2018
Abstract. Background Macrophages are one of the most important players in the tumor microenvironment. The polarization status of tumor associated macrophages into a pro-inflammatory type M1 or anti-inflammatory type M2 may influence cancer progression and patient survival. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles containing different biomolecules that are involved in cell to cell signal transfer. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer-derived EVs are taken up by macrophages and modulate their phenotype and cytokine profile. However, the interactions of cancer-derived EVs with monocytes and macrophages at various differentiation and polarization states are poorly understo…
Survey on the presence of A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii hybrid forms in Central-Western Mediterranean Sea
2016
Abstract In this study, 1029 fish and cephalopod samples came from Central-Western Mediterranean (FAO 37.1.1 and FAO 37.1.3) were analysed for Anisakidae larvae research with the aim to identify possible hybridisations between Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis simplex s.s. species. A total of 1765 larvae were detected, with prevalence values between 8.1% and 100%. The morphologic analysis revealed characters attributable to morphotype I of Anisakis in 98.5% of the examined larvae, while 1.5% belonged to the morphotype II. PCR-based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis of the entire ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed with Hinf…
Human milk and mucosa-associated disaccharides impact on cultured infant fecal microbiota
2020
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a mixture of structurally diverse carbohydrates that contribute to shape a healthy gut microbiota composition. The great diversity of the HMOs structures does not allow the attribution of specific prebiotic characteristics to single milk oligosaccharides. We analyze here the utilization of four disaccharides, lacto-N-biose (LNB), galacto-N-biose (GNB), fucosyl-α1,3-GlcNAc (3FN) and fucosyl-α1,6-GlcNAc (6FN), that form part of HMOs and glycoprotein structures, by the infant fecal microbiota. LNB significantly increased the total levels of bifidobacteria and the species Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The Lactobacillus genus levels wer…
THE ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE PIANA DEL SIGNORE (GELA, SICILY) FOR A CORRECT AGRONOMIC, CULTURAL AND LANDSCAPE UPGRADING AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE AR…
2017
In Sicily it is witnessing an environmental degradation that can be conducted to the human activity and the already known process of desertification. The present study had as object the c/da Piana del Signore in plain of Gela being an area characterized by an extreme aridity and salinity. Through consultation and study of the various researches realized on the area, the various environmental and territorial characteristics outlined, highlighting the issues and possible improvements. The objective was to outline the damages caused by man proposing possible routes for a correct requalification of the area in order to enhance a landscape of great agronomic and naturalistic interest. In fact to…
Blood fluke diseases in Pagellus spp. (Sparidae): Pathology and description of a new species of Skoulekia in the blackspot seabream P. bogaraveo (Brü…
2018
Abstract Pagellus bogaraveo (Brunnich) and P. erythrinus (L.) (Perciformes, Sparidae) are highly appreciated by Mediterranean consumers and good candidates for the Mediterranean aquaculture diversification. Parasitological and histological analyses of both sparid species, collected off Santa Pola (Spanish Mediterranean), have been performed in order to detect blood flukes (Trematoda, Aporocotylidae) and the pathologies related to their presence in these valuable hosts. Eggs of two different species of Skoulekia Alama-Bermejo, Montero, Raga and Holzer, 2011 have been found in both fishes: S. erythrini Palacios-Abella, Georgieva, Mele, Raga, Isbert, Kostadinova and Montero, 2017 in P. erythri…