Search results for "Arousal"
showing 10 items of 196 documents
Night-rest urinary catecholamine excretion in relation to aspects of free time, work and background data in a teacher group
1991
Free time, work and background data were related to night-rest catecholamine excretion rates in a teacher group (n = 137) during an autumn term. The explained interindividual variance increased slightly towards the end of the term. Adrenaline excretion was predicted better than noradrenaline, notedly by coffee consumption, amount of physical activity, and subjective stress feelings which explained 16% of the variance in adrenaline excretion during night rest. However, the results indicated that the differences in catecholamine excretion during night rest remained mostly unpredictable.
Brain slow waves preceding time-locked visuo-motor performance.
1993
According to previous findings (Konttinen and Lyytinen, 1992), the slow brain negativity preceding the trigger pull in rifle‐shooting tends to be decreased in successful shots among experienced marksmen, whereas no such pattern is found among inexperienced subjects. This effect was interpreted as resulting mainly from optimal arousal. However, another explanation is examined here. The aim of the experiment was to investigate slow electrocortical changes associated with motor regulation and visual aiming related to shooting performance. Four variations on a shooting task were used, in which the visual and motor components were contrasted. Motor activity related to gun stabilization was found…
Cerebral blood flow in autogenic training and hypnosis.
1987
In 12 healthy volunteers with at least an experience of six months in autogenic training (AT), the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured at rest, in AT and in hypnosis (H). The results were correlated with individual test profiles. The cortical flow pattern at rest of our AT trained volunteers did not show the hyperfrontality which is described in the literature. This may be interpreted as an effect of better and habitualized relaxation in long trained AT practitioners. This flow pattern corresponds to the low grades of neuroticism and aggressivity found in the tests. Furthermore an activation in central cortical areas and a deactivation in regions which are associated with acoustic and au…
Temporal Dynamics of Varying Physical Loads on Speed and Accuracy of Cognitive Control.
2018
The present study examined the effect of 4 physical-load conditions on interference control throughout a period of 45 min. A sample of 52 sport students was assigned to either a no, a low, an alternating low to moderate, or a moderate physical-load condition. A modified Eriksen-flanker task was administered in the preexercise period, 7 times during the exercise, and twice after completing the exercise. Significant interaction effects of time and condition, and significant time effects within condition on the reaction time of congruent stimuli and errors on incongruent stimuli, suggest a specific in-task effect of the alternating low to moderate and moderate physical-load conditions. Thus, i…
Light exposure patterns in schizophrenia
1992
Spontaneous light exposure patterns were studied in 10 chronic schizophrenic patients. Half of our schizophrenic patients exposed themselves to bright light exceeding ordinary indoor illumination. There was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of exposure to bright light and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale subscore anergia and a significant negative correlation with depression.
Relationships between electrodermal activity and symptomatology in schizophrenia.
1993
The present report studies the differences between schizophrenic responders and nonresponders within the different symptomatologic groups of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). The relationship between the different electrodermal activity parameters and the scores on the scales was also analyzed. The results showed that nonresponders had negative symptoms. In addition negative symptoms registered a general fall in all electrodermal-activity parameters.
Effects of voluntary changes in breathing frequency on respiratory comfort
1998
Previous experiments on voluntary breathing have suggested that spontaneous breathing is partly determined by the minimization of respiratory sensations. However, during instructed breathing, respiratory sensations may be confounded with difficulty in achieving the prescribed pattern. In the present experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the subjective assessment of respiratory comfort and the difficulty in following breathing instructions are closely related. A total of 15 subjects adjusted breathing frequency to prescribed values ranging from 40 to 250% of individual spontaneous levels. Then, they scored the difficulty of this task and the discomfort associated with the target frequenc…
Ventilatory responses to imagined exercise.
1996
We studied whether the ventilatory responses to imagined exercise are influenced by automatic processes. Twenty-nine athletes produced mental images of a sport event with successive focus on the environment, the preparation, and the exercise. Mean breathing frequency increased from 15 to 22 breaths/min. Five participants reported having voluntarily controlled breathing, two of them during preparation. Twenty participants reported that their breathing pattern changed during the experiment: 11 participants were unable to correctly report on the direction of changes in frequency, and 13 incorrectly reported changes in amplitude. This finding suggests that these changes were not voluntary in mo…
The Panic-Associated Symptom Scale: measuring the severity of panic disorder.
1991
The Panic-Associated Symptom Scale (PASS) is presented as a new measurement of the severity of the core symptoms of panic disorder. This first description addresses the rationale for its design and its scoring, score distributions, test-retest reliability, correlations within the PASS and with other scales, principal component structure, and response to drug therapy. Data are presented from a large study group of patients with panic disorder (n = 1168). Problems in measuring panic disorder are discussed.
A breathing-retraining procedure in treatment of sleep-onset insomnia: theoretical basis and experimental findings.
1995
Increase in CO2 has a sedative effect upon the central nervous system, and the beginning of sleep coincides with modifications in breathing, decrease in ventilation, and in pCO2 increase. In this paper is described a technique of breathing that is useful in producing drowsiness in a very short time. 46 insomniacs were randomly allocated to either a treatment or control condition. In the former, patients were trained in the breathing process. The control group was taught no breathing process. Latencies to sleep for the insomniacs confirmed that the breathing process was useful in producing drowsiness. Theoretical bases are discussed.