Search results for "Artificial"
showing 10 items of 7394 documents
Artefacts in CBCT: a review
2011
Artefacts are common in today's cone beam CT (CBCT). They are induced by discrepancies between the mathematical modelling and the actual physical imaging process. Since artefacts may interfere with the diagnostic process performed on CBCT data sets, every user should be aware of their presence. This article aims to discuss the most prominent artefacts identified in the scientific literature and review the existing knowledge on these artefacts. We also briefly review the basic three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction concept applied by today's CBCT scanners, as all artefacts are more or less directly related to it.
<p>A randomized multicenter study comparing seawater washes and carmellose artificial tears eyedrops in the treatment of dry eye syndrome</p…
2019
Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of sterile isotonic seawater washes vs standard treatment with carmellose artificial tears in dry eye syndrome (DES). Patients and methods This is a randomized multicenter prospective study with 12 weeks of follow-up. A group of patients with DES (N=60) were treated with seawater spray (Quinton®) five times daily, and another similar group (N=60) were treated with carmellose artificial tears eyedrops (Viscofresh® 0.5%) five times a day. The parameters studied and measured were as follows: Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire score, Schirmer I test (without anesthesia) score, tear osmolarity (TearLab®), tear breakup time, tear meniscus hei…
Artificial intelligence: the unstoppable revolution in ophthalmology.
2020
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an unstoppable force that is starting to permeate all aspects of our society as part of the revolution being brought into our lives (and into medicine) by the digital era, and accelerated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. As the population ages and developing countries move forward, AI-based systems may be a key asset in streamlining the screening, staging, and treatment planning of sight-threatening eye conditions, offloading the most tedious tasks from the experts, allowing for a greater population coverage, and bringing the best possible care to every patient. This paper presents a review of the state of the art of AI in the field of ophthalmology, focusin…
Neural Networks Ensemble for Cyclosporine Concentration Monitoring
2001
This paper proposes the use of neural networks ensemble for predicting the cyclosporine A (CyA)concen tration in kidney transplant patients. In order to optimize clinical outcomes and to reduce the cost associated with patient care, accurate prediction of CyA concentrations is the main objective of therapeutic drug monitoring. Thirty-two renal allograft patients and different factors (age, weight, gender, creatinine and post-transplantation days, together with past dosages and concentrations)w ere studied to obtain the best models. Three kinds of networks (multilayer perceptron, FIR network, Elman recurrent network) and the formation of neural-network ensembles were used. The FIR network, y…
A fully automatic 2D segmentation method for uterine fibroid in MRgFUS treatment evaluation
2015
PurposeMagnetic Resonance guided Focused UltraSound (MRgFUS) represents a non-invasive surgical approach that uses thermal ablation to treat uterine fibroids. After the MRgFUS treatment, an operator must manually segment the treated fibroid areas to evaluate the NonPerfused Volume (NPV). This manual approach is operator-dependent, introducing issues of result reproducibility, which could lead to errors in the subsequent follow-up phase. Moreover, manual segmentation is time-consuming, and can have a negative impact on the optimization of both machine-time and operator-time. MethodTo address these issues, in this paper a novel fully automatic method based on the unsupervised Fuzzy C-Means cl…
Off-line control of the postprandial glycemia in type 1 diabetes patients by a fuzzy logic decision support
2012
The target of this paper is to describe the use of fuzzy techniques in the development of a decision support system that allows the optimization of postprandial glycemia in type 1 diabetes patients taking into account the kind of meal taken by patients, the preprandial glycemia and the insulin resistance (the response of the body to insulin dose injection therapy). The decision support system can, in many cases, provide patients with the correct number of rapid insulin units that must be assumed to assure an optimal glycemic profile, keeping the blood glucose level close to the homeostatic condition, several hours after the meal.
HDR Imaging Pipeline for Spectral Filter Array Cameras
2017
Multispectral single shot imaging systems can benefit computer vision applications in needs of a compact and affordable imaging system. Spectral filter arrays technology meets the requirement, but can lead to artifacts due to inhomogeneous intensity levels between spectral channels due to filter manufacturing constraints, illumination and object properties. One solution to solve this problem is to use high dynamic range imaging techniques on these sensors. We define a spectral imaging pipeline that incorporates high dynamic range, demosaicing and color image visualization. Qualitative evaluation is based on real images captured with a prototype of spectral filter array sensor in the visible…
New diagnostic and imaging technologies in dermatology
2021
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of dermatological disorders is primarily based on clinical examination in combination with histopathology. However, clinical findings alone may not be sufficient for accurate diagnosis and cutaneous biopsies are being associated with morbidity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to review the newer technologies along with their applications, limitation and future prospectus. METHODOLOGY Comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic online databases "PubMed" and "Google Scholar". Articles published in English language were considered for the review. RESULTS In order to improve and/or widen the armamentarium in dermatologic disease diagnosis and…
Subclinical atrial fibrillation: how hard should we look?
2012
More than three decades ago, an analysis from the Framingham Heart Study revealed that atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke by a factor of five in non-rheumatic AF and by a factor of 17 in rheumatic AF.1 Since then, it has convincingly been shown that anticoagulation is one of the most effective secondary stroke prophylactic treatment options, which reduces the risk of stroke by 2/3,2 even in an older population.3 AF may occur in different types and in an individual patient often starts with paroxysmal AF, but later becomes persistent or permanent AF.4 Interestingly, the risk of stroke or systemic embolism is influenced by cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, d…
Tightness of duraplasty in rabbits: a comparative study.
2000
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test, in rabbits, the tightness of seven dural substitution materials commonly used in neurosurgery, i.e., Lyodura (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany), Tutoplast dura (Tutogen Medical, Inc., Parsippany, NJ), Tutoplast fascia lata (Tutogen Medical, Inc.), autologous periosteum, Neuropatch (B. Braun Melsungen AG), Dacron (E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE), and Ethisorb (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ). METHODS: Duraplasties were performed with sutures alone or were additionally fixed with fibrin glue. Leakage pressures were assessed by infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, containing sodium fluorescein, into the cisterna …