Search results for "Assay"
showing 10 items of 2241 documents
Mixotrophy in a Local Strain of Nannochloropsis granulata for Renewable High-Value Biomass Production on the West Coast of Sweden
2022
A local strain of Nannochloropsis granulata (Ng) has been reported as the most productive microalgal strain in terms of both biomass yield and lipid content when cultivated in photobioreactors that simulate the light and temperature conditions during the summer on the west coast of Sweden. To further increase the biomass and the biotechnological potential of this strain in these conditions, mixotrophic growth (i.e., the simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration) with glycerol as an external carbon source was investigated in this study and compared with phototrophic growth that made use of air enriched with 1–2% CO2. The addition of either glycerol or CO2-enriched air stimulated the…
Molecular Basis for Endocrine Disruption by Pesticides Targeting Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor
2020
The intensive use of pesticides has led to their increasing presence in water, soil, and agricultural products. Mounting evidence indicates that some pesticides may be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), being therefore harmful for the human health and the environment. In this study, three pesticides, glyphosate, thiacloprid, and imidacloprid, were tested for their ability to interfere with estrogen biosynthesis and/or signaling, to evaluate their potential action as EDCs. Among the tested compounds, only glyphosate inhibited aromatase activity (up to 30%) via a non-competitive inhibition or a mixed inhibition mechanism depending on the concentration applied. Then, the ability of the thr…
Synthesis of organometallic glycopeptides and electrochemical studies to detect autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis patients' sera
2009
Feliciana Real-Fernandez, Amelie Chamois-Colson, Jerome Bayardon, Francesca Nuti, Elisa Peroni, Maria R. Moncelli, Rita Meunier-Prest, Sylvain Juge and Anna Maria Papini Laboratory of Peptide & Protein Chemistry & Biology, Polo Scientifico, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Laboratoire de Synthese et d’Electrosynthese Organometalliques (LSEO), Universite de Bourgogne, 21068, Dijon, France
Autophagy
2012
Klionsky, Daniel J. et al.
The Role of Autophagy in Eye Diseases
2021
Autophagy is a catabolic process that ensures homeostasis in the cells of our organism. It plays a crucial role in protecting eye cells against oxidative damage and external stress factors. Ocular pathologies of high incidence, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are of multifactorial origin and are associated with genetic, environmental factors, age, and oxidative stress, among others; the latter factor is one of the most influential in ocular diseases, directly affecting the processes of autophagy activity. Alteration of the normal functioning of autophagy processes can interrupt organelle turnover, leading to the accumulation of cellula…
Costs and benefits of plant allelochemicals in herbivore diet in a multi enemy world
2015
Sequestration of plant defensive chemicals by herbivorous insects is a way of defending themselves against their natural enemies. Such herbivores have repeatedly evolved bright colours to advertise their unpalatability to predators, i.e. they are aposematic. This often comes with a cost. In this study, we examined the costs and benefits of sequestration of iridoid glycosides (IGs) by the generalist aposematic herbivore, the wood tiger moth, Parasemia plantaginis. We also asked whether the defence against one enemy (a predator) is also effective against another (a parasitoid). We found that the larvae excrete most of the IGs and only small amounts are found in the larvae. Nevertheless, the a…
The lipid composition, fluidity, and Mg2+-ATPase activity of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Bahia) shoot plasma membranes: effects of ABA and GA3
1992
Six-day-old rice plants (Oryza sativa L., cv Bahia) were grown for 5 days more in nutrient solution culture containing 10−5 M abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellic acid (GA3) (treated plants). Plasma membrane (PM) vesicles were isolated from the shoots of treated or control plants, and ATPase hydrolytic and proton-pumping activity, fluidity, and free sterol and phospholipid composition were determined. Both treatments resulted in modified plant growth and increases in PM fluidity. The ATPase hydrolytic activity was decreased by 25% of control values with ABA treatment and by 35% with GA3. Both treatments reduced proton-pumping by 23%. GA3 treatment reduced the relative amount (%) of stigmaster…
An in vitro tool to assess cytochrome P450 drug biotransformation-dependent cytotoxicity in engineered HepG2 cells generated by using adenoviral vect…
2011
Many adverse drug reactions leading to hepatotoxicity are caused by the cytochrome P450-dependent activation of non-toxic drugs or chemicals into reactive metabolites. To this end, adenoviruses were used as a tool to efficiently deliver specific CYP genes into cultured cells (i.e., human hepatoma cell line HepG2). Recombinant-defective adenoviral vectors encoding for genes CYP3A4 (Adv-CYP3A4), CYP2E1 (Adv-CYP2E1), CYP2A6 (Adv-CYP2A6) and CYP1A2 (Adv-CYP1A2) were used to confer specific CYP drug metabolic capabilities to HepG2 cells. Upgraded cells transiently expressed single specific cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities in terms of the number of the infecting virus particles used in their …
DEGRADATIVE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES IN FRESH-CUT BLOOD ORANGE SLICES DURING CHILLED STORED
2009
Summary Blood-orange fruits are suitable to fresh-cut fruit production because of their chemical compositions. Nevertheless, the main limitation of using freshly cut oranges is their susceptibility to juiciness loss and ascorbic acid degradation because of enzymatic alterations. The aim of this work is: to identify some of the enzymes causing the qualitative decay in blood-orange slices during 15 days of chilled storage (at 4 ± 0.5 °C and 85% RH); to investigate the susceptibility to the previous alterations of five blood-orange clones (Moro nucellare, Sanguinello nucellare, Tarocco arcimusa, Tarocco gallo and Tarocco meli) to select the most suitable one for fresh-cut production. The enzym…
Nachweis von h�utungsaktiven Stoffen in isolierten Prothorakaldr�sen und Oenocyten beiBombyx mori w�hrend des 5. Larvenstadiums
1977
The content of moulting hormones has been determined in homogenates of isolated prothoracic glands and oenocytes during the 5th instar of the silkworm,Bombyx mori by means of the Calliphora bioassay. Prothoracic glands show variable activity in the production of moulting hormones, reaching a maximum near the end of the larval period. Comparable activities, but at higher levels, could be demonstrated in oenocytes. Controls with doubled quantities of tissue produced in a proportionate reaction in the bioassay. Fat bodies were inactive. Prothoracic glands and oenocytes incubated together resulted in a slower pupation index than would be expected from the sum of single determinations of oenocyt…