Search results for "Asthma"
showing 10 items of 860 documents
Machine learning: A modern approach to pediatric asthma
2021
Among modern methods of statistical and computational analysis, the application of machine learning (ML) to healthcare data has been gaining recognition in helping us understand the heterogeneity of asthma and predicting its progression. In pediatric research, ML approaches may provide rapid advances in uncovering asthma phenotypes with potential translational impact in clinical practice. Also, several accurate models to predict asthma and its progression have been developed using ML. Here, we provide a brief overview of ML approaches recently proposed to characterize pediatric asthma.
Asthma and air pollution
2014
During the last decades research all over the world has highlighted the deleterious effects of pollution on respiratory health of adults and children. Nevertheless, air pollution still represents a significant threat to health. Children are more sensitive than adults to pollutants for several factors: increased respiration relative to body size; physiologic immaturity of respiratory and immunologic systems; low metabolic capacity; longer life expectancy. Several studies demonstrated an association between exposure to outdoor pollutants and respiratory diseases in childhood. Outdoor pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone…
Environment Exposure to Pollutants
2015
Effects of exposure to welding fume on lung function: results from the German WELDOX study. M. Lehnert, F. Hoffmeyer, K. Gawrych, A. Lotz, E. Heinze, H. Berresheim, R. Merget, V. Harth, R. Van Gelder, J.-U. Hahn, A. Hartwig, T. Weiss, B. Pesch, and T. Bruning, for the WELDOX Study Group Disability-Adjusted Life Years in the Assessment of Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. L. Adamkiewicz, A.J. Badyda, A. Gayer, and D. Mucha Impact of Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Health. J. Jakubiak-Lasocka, J. Lasocki, R. Siekmeier, and Z. Chlopek Traffic-related air pollution and respiratory tract efficiency. A.J. Badyda, P. Dabrowiecki, P.O. Czechowski, G. Majewski, and A. Doboszynska Dif…
Development of polymer-based nanoparticles for Zileuton delivery to the lung : PMeOx and PMeOzi surface chemistry reduces interactions with mucins
2021
In this paper, two amphiphilic graft copolymers were synthesized by grafting polylactic acid (PLA) as hydrophobic chain and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) or poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (PMeOzi) as hydrophilic chain, respectively, to a backbone of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA). These original graft copolymers were used to prepare nanoparticles delivering Zileuton in inhalation therapy. Among various tested methods, direct nanoprecipitation proved to be the best technique to prepare nanoparticles with the smallest dimensions, the narrowest dimensional distribution and a spherical shape. To overcome the size limitations for administration by inhalation, the nano-into-micr…
A multi-centre study of candidate genes for wheeze and allergy: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase 2
2009
BACKGROUND: Common polymorphisms have been identified in genes suspected to play a role in asthma. We investigated their associations with wheeze and allergy in a case-control sample from Phase 2 of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. METHODS: We compared 1105 wheezing and 3137 non-wheezing children aged 8-12 years from 17 study centres in 13 countries. Genotyping of 55 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 14 genes was performed using the Sequenom System. Logistic regression models were fitted separately for each centre and each SNP. A combined per allele odds ratio and measures of heterogeneity between centres were derived by random effects meta-ana…
Asthma in pregnancy: One more piece of the puzzle
2016
Asthma is the most commonly occurring respiratory complication during pregnancy, and is associated with a wide range of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, there is strong evidence that an adequate control of asthma can improve the health of both mothers and their babies. Despite the well-known risks of poorly-controlled asthma during pregnancy, a large proportion of women have sub-optimal asthma control, due to concerns surrounding risks related to pharmacological agents and uncertainties regarding the effectiveness and safety of different management strategies. A recent retrospective study showed that step-up therapy with low-dose inhaled corticosteroids / long-acting β2-ago…
Vitamin D status during pregnancy and wheezing and asthma during childhood
2019
Background: Maternal vitamin D can have a protective role on child’s respiratory health, but the results from prospective studies are still inconsistent. We examined whether maternal circulating vitamin D levels during pregnancy are associated with wheezing and asthma during childhood in a Spanish birth cohort. Methods: Maternal circulating 25(OH)D3 levels were measured during the first trimester of pregnancy. Information on active wheezing (wheezing episodes plus medication), wheezing patterns (early, late-onset, and persistent wheeze), and physician-diagnosed asthma ever was obtained from parental questionnaires administered from 1 to 7 years in new cohorts(N=1964) and from 1 to 9 years i…
Integrating self-efficacy in the cyclical process of paediatric asthma management: a new perspective.
2022
Asthma management consists of a cyclical process based on clinical assessment of the patient, the implementation of therapeutic adjustments, and evaluation of the patient’s response. Self-efficacy is the person’s confidence in his or her ability to successfully perform a behaviour and guides the patient’s decisions for producing healthy behaviours. Studies have shown that asthma management is related to self-efficacy, which in turn can be influenced by various psychosocial factors. A literature search on the relationship between asthma and self-efficacy in paediatric age, has allowed us to hypothesize that adequate levels of self-efficacy might be achieved through a cyclical process, ‘the s…
Long-term residential exposure to air pollution and risk of chronic respiratory diseases in Italy: The BIGEPI study
2023
: Long-term exposure to air pollution has adverse respiratory health effects. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between residential exposure to air pollutants and the risk of suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in some Italian cities. In the BIGEPI project, we harmonised questionnaire data from two population-based studies conducted in 2007-2014. By combining self-reported diagnoses, symptoms and medication use, we identified cases of rhinitis (n = 965), asthma (n = 328), chronic bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CB/COPD, n = 469), and controls (n = 2380) belonging to 13 cohorts from 8 Italian cities (Pavia, Turin, Verona, Terni, Pisa, Ancona, Palermo,…
Maximal degree of airway narrowing induced by methacholine and adenosine monophosphate: relationship with the decrease in forced vital capacity.
2010
Background Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) may represent an indirect method for the detection of plateau in response to inhaled bronchoconstrictor agents. Objective To determine the relationship between the level of plateau obtained with either methacholine or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and the decrease in FVC induced by each bronchoconstrictor agent. Methods Airway responsiveness to high concentrations of methacholine and AMP was determined in patients with intermittent asthma (n = 41) or allergic rhinitis (n = 26). Furthermore, allergen-induced changes in the response to each bronchoconstrictor agent were investigated in 18 pollen-sensitive patients. Concentration-response curve…