Search results for "Atrophy"
showing 10 items of 385 documents
Role of Activity in Defining Metabolic and Contractile Adaptations After SCI
2016
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to moderate to severe muscle paralysis, loss of lower-limb functionality and often results in a reduced physical activity. As a consequence, people with SCI demonstrate numerous metabolic and contractile transformations such as leg muscles atrophy, a transformation from slow, fatigue-resistant fibers to fast, fatigable fibers, a decreased vascularization. Appropriate exercise and most especially exercise using functional electrical stimulation (FES) is now well-known to have beneficial effects on muscle characteristics, force output, exercise capacity, but also bone mineral density and cardiovascular parameters. For example, increases in muscle mass and str…
Preserved knowledge maps of countries: Implications for the organisation of semantic memory
2004
We describe two patients with selectively preserved knowledge of the category of countries. Following a series of cerebra infarcts, patient DB presented with severe perceptual impairment, including dense apperceptive agnosia, prosopagnosia, an topographical agnosia. Despite these deficits, he could effortlessly name countries from their outline maps. Patient WH, who suffered from semantic dementia, had severe naming and comprehension difficulties, with extremely sparse residual semantic knowledge. Remarkably, the category of countries was preserved. First, we argue that, for both patients, this category preservation occurs at a semantic level. Second, we discuss our findings in the context …
Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expressions in LDLR-/- apoB100/100 mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
2006
International audience; This study explores the mechanisms responsible for the fatty liver setup in mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA), hypothesizing that an induction of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression is associated with lipid accumulation. To this end, the effects of t10c12 CLA treatment on lipid parameters, serum lipoproteins, and expression of liver lipid receptors were measured in LDLR(-/-) apoB(100/100) mice as a model of human familial hypercholesterolemia itself depleted of LDLR. Mice were fed t10c12 CLA over 2 or 4 weeks. We first observed that the treatment induced liver steatosis, even in the absence of LDLR. Mice treated for 2 weeks…
Is vaginal fractional CO2 laser treatment effective in improving overactive bladder symptoms in post-menopausal patients? Preliminary results
2016
To evaluate the role of vaginal fractional CO2 laser treatment in the relief of Overactive Bladder (OAB) symptoms in post-menopausal women.Post-menopausal women who complained of one or more symptoms related to vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA), who experienced symptoms of OAB and who underwent vaginal treatment with fractional CO2 laser were enrolled in the study. At baseline (T0) and 30 days post-treatment T1), vaginal status (using Vaginal Health Index - VHI), subjective intensity of VVA symptoms (using a visual analog scale - VAS) and micturition diary were evaluated. OAB symptoms were also assessed using a validated questionnaire.Thirty patients were enrolled. A statistically significant imp…
Mechanisms of tumor invasion: evidence from in vivo observations.
1985
The major mechanisms of tumor invasion in vivo are discussed in the present review. A special emphasis is placed on tumor dedifferentiation which has proved to be of paramount importance for the invasion process. Based on in vivo observations obtained from various human and animal tumors a concept for the mechanism of tumor invasion is proposed which mainly comprises the following basic events: the first and essential step in tumor invasion is the tumor dedifferentiation and dissociation at the invasion front. This apparently temporary and reversible process mobilizes the tumor cells out of the main tumor bulk and enables them to invade the host tissue by active locomotion. This mechanism i…
Down-regulation of OPA1 alters mouse mitochondrial morphology, PTP function, and cardiac adaptation to pressure overload
2012
AIMS: The optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) protein is an essential protein involved in the fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Despite its high level of expression, the role of OPA1 in the heart is largely unknown. We investigated the role of this protein in Opa1(+/-) mice, having a 50% reduction in OPA1 protein expression in cardiac tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS: In mutant mice, cardiac function assessed by echocardiography was not significantly different from that of the Opa1(+/+). Electron and fluorescence microscopy revealed altered morphology of the Opa1(+/-) mice mitochondrial network; unexpectedly, mitochondria were larger with the presence of clusters of fused mitochondria and altered c…
Deleting Full Length Titin Versus the Titin M-Band Region Leads to Differential Mechanosignaling and Cardiac Phenotypes
2019
Background: Titin is a giant elastic protein that spans the half-sarcomere from Z-disk to M-band. It acts as a molecular spring and mechanosensor and has been linked to striated muscle disease. The pathways that govern titin-dependent cardiac growth and contribute to disease are diverse and difficult to dissect. Methods: To study titin deficiency versus dysfunction, the authors generated and compared striated muscle specific knockouts (KOs) with progressive postnatal loss of the complete titin protein by removing exon 2 (E2-KO) or an M-band truncation that eliminates proper sarcomeric integration, but retains all other functional domains (M-band exon 1/2 [M1/2]-KO). The authors evaluated c…
Molecular mechanisms linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
2013
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and one of the leading causes of neurological deficits and disability in young adults in western countries. Current medical treatment mainly influences disease progression via immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive actions. Indeed, MS research has been foremost focused on inflammation in the CNS, but more recent evidence suggests that chronic disability in MS is caused by neurodegeneration. Imaging studies show an early involvement of neurodegeneration as brain atrophy and gray matter lesions can be observed at disease onset. Thus, neuroprotective treatment strategies and the eluc…
Degeneration of the Cerebellum in Huntington's Disease (HD): Possible Relevance for the Clinical Picture and Potential Gateway to Pathological Mechan…
2012
Huntington's disease (HD) is a polyglutamine disease and characterized neuropathologically by degeneration of the striatum and select layers of the neo- and allocortex. In the present study, we performed a systematic investigation of the cerebellum in eight clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed HD patients. The cerebellum of all HD patients showed a considerable atrophy, as well as a consistent loss of Purkinje cells and nerve cells of the fastigial, globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei. This pathology was obvious already in HD brains assigned Vonsattel grade 2 striatal atrophy and did not correlate with the extent and distribution of striatal atrophy. Therefore, our findings sug…
Morphometric magnetic resonance imaging cortico-subcortical features in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment
2022
Background and purpose Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with cognitive impairment undergo progressive atrophy of several cortical and subcortical areas. The aim was to study the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric features of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Patients from the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Impairment Study (PACOS) cohort with an available structural volumetric brain MRI and morphometric measurements of the midbrain and pons areas, middle cerebellar peduncle, superior cerebellar peduncle width and midbrain anteroposterior diameter (A-Pdiam) were included. MCI was diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society level II criteria. Additi…