Search results for "Atrophy"
showing 10 items of 385 documents
Dyskephalie-Katarakt-Hypotrichose-Syndrom (Synonyma: DCH; Ullrich-Fremerey-Dohna; Hallermann-Streiff; Francois)
1976
In a 43-year-old man dyscephalia, cataracta congenita, and hypotrichosis were the outstanding features. These signs were first described in 1953 by Ullrich and Fremerey-Dohna as a clinical entity. Since 1958 the DCH syndrome was published under the synonyms of “Francois syndrome” and of “Hallermann-Streiff syndrome”. However, as these authors did not add any essential details relevant for the classification of the syndrome we prefer to retain the term “Ullrich-Fremerey-Dohna syndrome”. In our case in addition to the above mentioned and well known manifestations, extrapyramidal hyperkinesia of the choreoanthetotic type and servere mental deficiency accompanied by mild cerebral atrophy (revea…
Cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis can be predicted by imaging performed several years earlier.
2007
Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are common and correlate with contemporary MRI brain abnormalities, particularly atrophy, but the ability of imaging early in the disease to predict later cognitive impairment remains to be determined. Thirty relapsing—remitting MS patients recruited within three years of the onset of the disease, and in whom MRI had been performed at baseline and a year later, were assessed neuropsychologically five years later. Imaging parameters accounting for significant variance in cognitive performance were identified using multiple regressions, once confounding variables were controlled. Patients performed significantly worse than expected on tests of at…
Regulation of type IV collagen gene expression and degradation in fast and slow muscles during dexamethasone treatment and exercise.
2003
Glucocorticoids have anti-anabolic effects on many tissues and can cause muscle atrophy. However, their effects on type IV collagen gene expression and degradation in skeletal muscle have not been studied previously. Rats were treated daily with dexamethasone or saline. Half the groups of experimental and control animals were also subjected to daily endurance or uphill running exercise to determine the possible preventive effects of exercise. After an experimental period of 3 or 10 days, the extensor digitorum longus, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles were studied. Dexamethasone treatment for 10 days reduced muscle weight and type IV collagen mRNA abundance in all muscles. Gene expressio…
Selective proper name anomia in a patient with asymmetric cortical degeneration
1998
All cases of selective anomic deficit for proper names described until now are a consequence of focal cerebral lesions. In the present paper, we report the case of a patient, AF, with a deficient access to proper names of persons and normal access to common names probably subsumed by a degenerative process of the left cerebral hemisphere. MRI evidenced an atrophy of the left temporal lobe and SPECT highlighted hypoperfusion of the left hemisphere. Neuropsychological examination documented a deficient production of proper names belonging to famous personalities both on visual presentation and verbal definition. Moreover, on verbal fluency tasks, AF was poor for the categories of famous peopl…
Longitudinal quantitative MRI assessment of cortical damage in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
2017
PURPOSE Quantitative MRI (qMRI) allows assessing cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) on a microstructural level, where cortical damage has been shown to prolong T1 -relaxation time and increase proton density (PD) compared to controls. However, the evolution of these changes in MS over time has not been investigated so far. In this pilot study we used an advanced method for the longitudinal assessment of cortical tissue change in MS patients with qMRI in comparison to cortical atrophy, as derived from conventional MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve patients with relapsing-remitting MS underwent 3T T1 /PD-mapping at two timepoints with a mean interval of 12 months. The respective co…
Reduced striatal dopamine transporter binding in posterior cortical atrophy
2010
The fine structure of denervated and reinnervated muscle spindles: morphometric study of intrafusal muscle fibers.
1979
The fine structure of normal, denervated, and reinnervated muscle spindles in lower lumbrical muscles of rats was studied morphometrically at time intervals ranging from 3-14 months. In control spindles, the mean transverse area of mitochondria was estimated to be more than twice as large in nuclear chain than in typical nuclear bag fibers. Following denervation, there was a severe decrease of the mean number and transverse area of mitochondria, and a moderate, but statistically significant decrease of the mean transverse area of intrafusal muscle fibers (IMFs) despite an increase of the number of IMFs. At 12-14 months of reinnervation, changes of the transverse areas of IMFs were statistic…
Sonographische Verlaufskontrolle nach experimenteller Muskeldenervierung
2008
AIM: To describe sonographical results following acute, experimental muscle denervation. METHOD: Denervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles was performed in 28 New Zealand white rabbits by segmental resection of the suprascapular nerve. The changes in the sonographic image of the muscles were follow up and documented at short intervals over 2 months. RESULTS: The sonographically detectable changes following denervation follow a definite pattern. In addition to the reduction in muscle diameter, sonographical signs of denervation include an increase of echodensity and an inhomogeneity of echotexture that appeared on day 14 after injury and became more prominent at larger inter…
Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Denervated Muscle
1986
The possibilities of noninvasive treatment in peripheral nerve injuries are limited. Although it is well known that the severance of a nerve results in paralysis of the dependent tissue, the methods of treating a denervated muscle are still controversial. The most obvious result of denervation is muscle atrophy and paralysis. In 1841 Reid forced the denervated muscle to contract by electrical stimulation to replace the loss of activity and observed that this treatment retarded atrophy. Since then, there has been continuing interest in preventing muscle atrophy with electrotherapy. Peripheral nerve injuries in the two world wars were, for instance, extensively treated with electrical stimula…