Search results for "Audit"

Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Survival in Men with Low Socioeconomic Status

2020

Abstract Aims Although both low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased chronic disease and heightened mortality, it remains unclear whether moderate-to-high levels of CRF are associated with survival benefits in low SES populations. This study evaluated the hypothesis that SES and CRF predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality and that moderate-to-high levels of CRF may attenuate the association between low SES and increased mortality. Methods This study included 2368 men, who were followed in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during progressive exe…

Temporal changes in personal activity intelligence and mortality : data from the aerobics center longitudinal study

2021

Background Personal activity intelligence (PAI) is a metric developed to simplify a physically active lifestyle for the participants. Regardless of following today's advice for physical activity, a PAI score ≥100 per week at baseline, an increase in PAI score, and a sustained high PAI score over time were found to delay premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a large population of Norwegians. However, the association between long-term temporal change in PAI and mortality in other populations have not been investigated. Objective To test whether temporal change in PAI is associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in a large population from the United States. Method…

Association between ideal cardiovascular health and risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality among middle-aged men in Finland

2021

Background Strong associations have been demonstrated between the American Heart Association’s cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and various cardiovascular outcomes, but the association with sudden cardiac death (SCD) is uncertain. We examined the associations between these CVH metrics and the risks of SCD and all-cause mortality among men in Finland. Methods and results We used the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease cohort study, which consists of men between 42 and 60 years of age at baseline. CVH metrics were computed for 2577 men with CVH scores at baseline ranging from 0 to 7, categorized into CVH scores of 0–2 (poor), 3–4 (intermediate) and 5–7 (ideal). Mult…

Kestävyyskuntoa vai normaalipainoa sydäntautien ehkäisyyn?

2022

Sleep Duration and Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Cancer Death, and All-Cause Mortality

2018

Background: Sleep duration has been shown to be associated with all-cause mortality, however its relationship with cause-specific fatal events remains uncertain. We examined the relationship between sleep duration and risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), sudden cardiac death, cancer related death and all-cause mortality. Methods Sleep duration was self-reported at baseline examinations performed between March 20, 1984 and December 5, 1989 in 2,361 men aged 42-61 years old from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease study. Of these 1734 (73.4%) men were free from CHD and cancer at baseline. Results: A total of 802 all cause deaths, 202 fatal coronary heart disease events, 141 sudden cardia…

Mortality by age, gene and gender in carriers of pathogenic mismatch repair gene variants receiving surveillance for early cancer diagnosis and treat…

2023

Background: The Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD) collates information on carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic MMR variants (path_MMR) who are receiving medical follow-up, including colonoscopy surveillance, which aims to the achieve early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Here we use the most recent PLSD cohort that is larger and has wider geographical representation than previous versions, allowing us to present mortality as an outcome, and median ages at cancer diagnoses for the first time.Methods: The PLSD is a prospective observational study without a control group that was designed in 2012 and updated up to October 2022. Data for 8500 carriers of path_MMR variants fr…

Efficient design and modeling strategies for follow-up studies with time-varying covariates

2015

Epidemiological studies can often be designed in several ways, some of which may be more optimal than others. Possible designs may differ in the required resources or the ability to provide reliable answers to the questions under study. In addition, once the data are collected, the selected modeling approach may affect how efficiently the data are utilized. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate efficient designs and analysis meth ods in follow-up studies with longitudinal measurements. A key question is how to select optimally a subcohort for a new longitudinal covariate measurement if we cannot afford to measure the entire cohort. Another key question we consider is how to determine …

Underweight and obesity are related to higher mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography: The KARDIO invasive cardiology register study

2022

Background: In patients with some cardiovascular disease conditions, slightly elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower mortality risk (termed “obesity paradox”). It is uncertain, however, if this obesity paradox exists in patients who have had invasive cardiology procedures. We evaluated the association between BMI and mortality in patients who underwent coronary angiography. Methods: We utilised the KARDIO registry, which comprised data on demographics, prevalent diseases, risk factors, coronary angiographies, and interventions on 42,636 patients. BMI was categorised based on WHO cut-offs or transformed using P-splines. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI…

Audit quality : the effect of prior experience

2016

Auditing regulation has been under constant change in the recent decades and it seems to continue to evolve. The latest European Union regulation (537/2014) and directive (2014/56) require mandatory auditor rotation. However the auditing research is not unanimous how the rotation and audit quality are related and there are still issues that have not been studied at all. This study focuses on one of these unstudied issues by examining whether auditors‟ prior firm specific experience helps the auditors achieve higher quality audits when starting new engagements with previously familiar client. The theoretical framework is based on the research about the relationship between audit tenure and a…

Zastosowanie metodyki audytu krajobrazowego do identyfikacji krajobrazów w skali lokalnej na przykładzie gminy Szczyrk

2018

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki identyfikacji i oceny krajobrazów gminy Szczyrk. W badaniach zastosowano metodę audytu krajobrazowego i trzy kryteria delimitacji: ukształtowanie terenu, kompozycję przestrzenną oraz pokrycie terenu. Badania prowadzono na obszarze górskim, gdzie dotychczas metoda nie była testowana. Stwierdzono występowanie 58 jednostek krajobrazowych należących do 13 typów. Powierzchniowo dominują krajobrazy leśne. Układ jednostek nawiązuje do pięter klimatyczno-roślinnych. Wraz ze zwiększaniem skali badań maleją powierzchnie jednostek, nie maleje znacząco ich liczba. W górach kryterium formy ukształtowania terenu nie wpływa znacząco na liczbę zidentyfikowanych typów krajobr…