Search results for "Autism."

Marker cromosomico soprannumerario inv/dup 15 ed autismo

2007

A cognitive-behavioural intervention improves cognition in caregivers of people with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study

2017

Abstract As postulated by the stress process model, chronically stressed individuals, such as caregivers of people with chronic psychological disorders, have poorer cognitive performance and higher age-related cognitive decline than individuals not exposed to chronic stress. When analysing this topic in caregivers, the majority of research has been conducted in populations in which the care recipient has dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease, while relatively few studies have analysed cognition in caregivers of offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main objective of this pilot study was to analyse the effect of a cognitive-behavioural intervention on cognition in caregivers of pe…

El síndrome del cromosoma X Frágil: fenotipo conductual y dificultades de aprendizaje

2015

In this article, we describe the behavioral phenotype of individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and its impact in the educational scope. This syndrome is characterized by difficulties in sensory integration, cognitive deficits (verbal reasoning, abstract/ visual and cuantitative skills, short term memory, sequential processing, attention and executive processes), language disorders (phonetic-phonologicals, semanticals, morphosyntacticals and pragmaticals) and communication disorders, social anxiety, general hyperarousal, autism, non autistic social difficulties, attention deficit and hyperactivity, and learning disabilities. The behavioral phenotype is highly variable and depends on sex, age, …

Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse

2021

The immune system provides the first line of the organism’s defenses, working to maintain homeostasis against external threats and respond also to internal danger signals. There is much evidence to suggest that modifications of inflammatory parameters are related to vulnerability to develop mental illnesses, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. In addition, not only are inflammatory parameters related to these disorders, but stress also induces the activation of the immune system, as recent preclinical research demonstrates. Social stress activates the immune response in the central nervous system through a number of mechanisms; for example, by promoting m…

Effects of Dolphin-assisted Therapy on the Social and Communication Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021

Although several studies have shown that dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) may be beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), most of these studies have methodological weaknesses. This study tested the effectiveness of DAT in improving the social and communicative skills of children with ASD. We used a pretest- posttest design with a control group. The 48 participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: age between 4 and 5 years, diagnosis of ASD, and clear impairment in communication. Participants were randomly assigned to the groups: DAT and Therapy Without Dolphins (TWD). The research lasted 10 weeks. The intervention phase lasted 6 weeks and consis…

Impact of a physical education service-learning programme on ASD children: A mixed-methods approach

2021

Abstract Background. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have few opportunities to engage in physical activity, which affects their already limited social and motor skills. Different Service-Learning (SL) proposals designed to meet this need have started to emerge, and research is required to better understand the services provided. Objective. Two objectives were established in this study: (1) to understand the impact of a physical education SL programme from the viewpoints of Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) students and the families of the children with ASD involved; and (2) to analyse the programme’s effects on the motor domain of children with ASD (physical activity …

Social inclusion as a therapeutic and educational factor in a music therapy setting

2016

Inclusive approaches for children with special needs are applied in both the fields of music therapy and (music) education. In practice, inclusive music therapy groups consist only of children with special needs, whereas an inclusive kindergarten group for example may consist of typical and non-typical children, yet not in an actual therapy setting. Both practices hold explicit benefits for typical and non-typical children, however mutually exclusive of one another. The aim of the study is to explore the effects of social inclusion in a group consisting of typically and non-typically developing children within a music therapy setting. The focus lays on the therapeutic benefits for the speci…

Trastornos del Espectro Autista : Guía para padres y profesionales

2012

A lo largo de los últimos años he sido testigo de múltiples intervenciones psico-educativas con familias que tienen que asumir el reto de educar un niño/a con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Las primeras señales de alerta siempre son comunicadas a los profesionales por los padres con mucha angustia y pidiendo consejo, manifestando su falta de competencia en la educación de sus hijos/as. Efectivamente, primero antes de saber qué es lo que le pasa a su hijo/a los padres dudan de su competencia como padres, como educadores. Creen que no son capaces de educar a un hijo, incluso cuando ya son padres experimentados por tener más hijos. En el momento que empiezan a recibir información sobre la pos…

The Role of the Cerebellum in Social and Non-Social Action Sequences: A Preliminary LF-rTMS Study

2021

An increasing number of studies demonstrated the involvement of the cerebellum in (social) sequence processing. The current preliminary study is the first to investigate the causal involvement of the cerebellum in sequence generation, using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS). By targeting the posterior cerebellum, we hypothesized that the induced neuro-excitability modulation would lead to altered performance on a Picture and Story sequencing task, which involve the generation of the correct chronological order of various social and non-social stories depicted in cartoons or sentences. Our results indicate that participants receiving LF-rTMS over the cerebe…

Exploring the impact of augmented reality in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review

2020

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent difficulties in communication and social interaction along with a restriction in interests and the presence of repetitive behaviors. The development and use of augmented reality technology for autism has increased in recent years. However, little is known about the impact of these virtual reality technologies on clinical health symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of augmented reality through social, cognitive, and behavioral domains in children and adolescents with autism. This study is the first contribution that has carried out an evidence-based systematic r…