Search results for "Autism"
showing 10 items of 457 documents
Autisma iezīmes, agresivitāte un vecāku – bērnu mijiedarbība bērniem vecumā no 22 līdz 30 mēnešiem
2018
Pētījuma ietvaros tika apzinātas sakarības starp autiskā spektra iezīmēm, agresivitāti un audzināšanas pieejām vecāku-bērnu mijiedarbībā bērniem 22-30 mēnešu vecumā, un noskaidrots, vai pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības agresivitātes rādījumos bērniem ar un bez autiskā spektra traucējumu iezīmēm. Pētāmo izlase: 115 bērni vecumā no 22 līdz 30 mēnešiem, apakšizlasē 18 bērni. Tika izmantota bērna uzvedības novērtējuma anketa (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), adaptēta un pielietota „AS Detect” aptauja (Barbaro, 2016), Ģentes audzināšanas aptauja - vecāku versija (Van Leeuwen et.al., 2004), vecāku - bērnu mijiedarbības video novērojumi (Eyberg, 2002). Pētījuma rezultāti norāda uz statistiski n…
For a real job? : Views on the teaching of competence in working life by students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
2021
In this study, twelve young students on the autism spectrum were interviewed on preparation for working life, employment guidance, the challenges and strengths of the autism spectrum, and suitable teaching methods. Interviews were supported by a structured and illustrated questionnaire. The data were analysed using key statistics. The results showed that, from the students’ perspective, the most important issues in preparation for work are familiarisation with different jobs, guidance in searching for a suitable job, evaluation of the suitability of the working environment, integration of occupational safety into work skills, and acquiring conversational skills in the workplace. The selecti…
Valoración Antropometrica y nutricional en niños con trastorno del Especto Autista
2015
El trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es un síndrome que afecta al desarrollo psíquico y cognitivo con una prevalencia estimada en todo el mundo de unos 5 casos por 10.000 personas ateniéndonos a los criterios del autismo clásico de Kanner y que considerando todo el espectro del síndrome, la prevalencia es de 11,3 por mil actualmente, con una razón de masculinidad de 3-4:1, no encontrándose diferencias en función del nivel socioeconómico ni entre las diversas culturas estudiadas. De inicio precoz, los signos aparecen antes de los dos años en el 80 % de los casos. El TEA desemboca en una desorganización rápida e insidiosa de los recursos de comunicación e interacción del niño con su entorn…
L'atenció conjunta en la detecció primerenca del trastorn de l'espectre autista
2016
Un dels dèficits centrals del trastorn de l'espectre autista (TEA) són les dificultats que manifesten els subjectes en atenció conjunta, entesa com a la capacitat de coordinar l'atenció envers una altra persona en relació a un objecte o esdeveniment. Aquest treball pretén ser un recull bibliogràfic dels principals treballs d'investigació que s'han publicat en el camp de la Psicologia, la Medicina i l'Educació en els darrers anys i que inclouen la vinculació de l'atenció conjunta en la manifestació primerenca del TEA.S'ha fet una recerca sistemàtica d'articles en les quatre principals bases de dades que inclouen treballs publicats al camp de la Psicologia clínica, la Psicologia del desenvolu…
Aula de Comunicación y Lenguaje en los centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria: un estudio de casos
2014
Las aulas de comunicación y lenguaje son unidades de educación especial en centros ordinarios que atienden al alumnado con un Trastorno Mixto del Lenguaje Receptivo-Expresivo o con Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el funcionamiento de un aula CYL de un colegio público de educación infantil y primaria situado en Valencia, a través de la observación, el análisis documental y las entrevistas a los profesionales; asimismo si las aulas CYL son un instrumento que favorece la inclusión educativa de este alumnado en los centros ordinarios.
1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
2022
We recently described a unique plasma metabolite profile in subjects with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), suggesting pathogenic models involving specific patterns of neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we extend the analysis to a group of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a consensus has recently emerged around its immune-mediated pathophysiology with a widespread involvement of brain networks. This observational case-control study enrolled patients referred for PANS and ASD from June 2019 to May 2020, as well as neurotypical age and gender-matched control subjects. Thirty-four PANS outpatients, fifteen ASD outpatients, an…
Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Gender: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines
2021
Studies on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders have shown gender disproportion. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in this investigation area. There are two main research lines; the first is focused mostly on gender-related biological reasons that could account for low ASD prevalence in women (i.e., related to some protective factors related to hormones or the immune system, among others), and the second research line studies possible diagnostic biases. In the present study, a review of the latter line of research is made based on two main objectives: (a) analysis of possible biases in diagnostic tools and (b) other nonbiological ASD prevalence explained by gende…
Early Intervention with Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Programs
2020
The aim of this article was to analyze the evidence regarding the effectiveness of intervention programs for children with autism based on the participation of their parents. To obtain the data, a systematic search was carried out in four databases (PsycARTICLES (ProQuest), ERIC (ProQuest), PubMed (ProQuest), and Scopus). The retrieved documents were refined under the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and a total of 51 empirical studies were selected. These studies were first classified according to the function of the intervention objective and, later, by the methodology applied (19 studies were based on comprehensive interventions, 11 focused on the nuclear symptoms of autism spectrum disorde…
The realization of EFL teaching in Finland for pupils with autism spectrum disorders : a case study
2014
Vaikka autismia ja autistien opettamista on tutkittu laajalti, puuttuu tietoa erityisesti englannin opetuksen toteuttamisesta autismin kirjoon kuuluville oppilaille. Autismi on neurobiologinen kehitykseen liittyvä häiriö, joka voi kehittyä ennen syntymää, sen aikana tai sen jälkeen. Vaikka autismin kirjo on erittäin laaja ja sen oireet hyvinkin yksilöllisiä, on myös havaittu joitakin yhtäläisyyksiä autistien välillä, kuten kuuloherkkyyttä, impulsiivista käytöstä, puutteita sosiaalisissa taidoissa ja kanssakäymisessä, kapeita mielenkiinnonkohteita sekä toistuvia maneereita puheessa ja toiminnassa. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten englannin opetus toteutetaan autismin kirjoon kuul…
Are Musical Emotions Chimerical? Lessons From the Paradoxical Potency of Music Therapy
2013
The dominant psychological model of emotion posits that a cognitive process (the appraisal) precedes, and results in, the corresponding emotion, including any induced state of physiological arousal: the cognitive com-ponent of emotion mediates the effect of the external cause on the internal arousal component. If emotions in music were naturalistic, the same mechanism should apply. However, a study in which a group of people with autism were compared with matched controls showed a normal level of physiological responsiveness to music in the autism group, coupled with a reduced capacity to verbalize their responses to it. It is hard to account for these results in terms of the standard mecha…