Search results for "Availability"
showing 10 items of 510 documents
The Role of Productivity in Increasing Latvian Competitiveness
2018
Productivity is the main key factor for Latvia to increased prosperity, ensuring efficient use of resources. Due to limited availability of resources and the increasing competition in the global markets, it is important for Latvia to support its economic growth through increased productivity.
Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Ondansetron.
2019
Literature data pertaining to the physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate are reviewed to arrive at a decision on whether a marketing authorization of an immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage form can be approved based on a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)-based biowaiver. Ondansetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, is used at doses ranging from 4 mg to 24 mg in the management of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and postoperative treatment. It is a weak base and thus exhibits pH-dependent solubility. However, it is able to meet the criteria of "high solubility" as well as "high permeabi…
A trust-based security enforcement in disruption-tolerant networks
2017
We propose an approach to enforce security in disruption- and delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) where long delays, high packet drop rates, unavailability of central trusted entity etc. make traditional approaches unfeasible. We use trust model based on subjective logic to continuously evaluate trustworthiness of security credentials issued in distributed manner by network participants to deal with absence of centralised trusted authorities.
Nanoassemblies Based on Supramolecular Complexes of Nonionic Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin and Sorafenib as Effective Weapons to Kill Human HCC Cells
2015
Sorafenib (Sor), an effective chemiotherapeutic drug utilized against hepatocellular carcinoma (HOC), robustly interacts with nonionic amphiphilic cyclodextrin (aCD, SC6OH), forming, in aqueous solution, supramolecular complexes that behave as building blocks of highly water-dispersible colloidal nanoassemblies. SC6OH/Sor complex has been characterized by complementary spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-vis, steady-state fluorescence and anisotropy, resonance light scattering and H-1 NMR. The spectroscopic evidences and experiments carried out in the presence of an adamantane derivative, which competes with drug for CD cavity, agree with the entrapment of Sor in aCD, pointing out the role…
Galactosylated polymeric carriers for liver targeting of sorafenib
2014
In this paper, we describe the preparation of liver-targeted polymeric micelles potentially able to carry sorafenib to hepatocytes for treatment of hepatocarcinoma (HCC), exploiting the presence of carbohydrate receptors, ASGPR. These micelles were prepared starting from a galactosylated polylactide-polyaminoacid conjugate. This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-d,l-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with polylactic acid (PLA), and subsequent reaction with lactose, leading to PHEA-EDA-PLA-GAL copolymer. Liver-targeted sorafenib-loaded micelles were obtained in aqueous media at low PHEA-EDA-PLA-GAL copolymer concentration value with nanometer …
Designing robust immediate release tablet formulations avoiding food effects for BCS class 3 drugs
2019
Abstract Food induced viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract is reported to reduce the bioavailability of tablets containing BCS class 3 drugs, mainly by retarding their disintegration and dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The role of formulation factors in minimizing this negative food effect is largely unknown. Combinations of disintegrants were studied together with soluble and insoluble fillers and trospium chloride as model drug substance. Different batches of tablets were compressed at 10 kN and 30 kN, by incorporating different combinations of croscarmellose sodium (CSS), cross-linked (CPD) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) at low level i.e, 2% + 2% and high level…
Impact of HPP on the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of nutrients and bioactive compounds as a key factor in the development of food processing
2020
Abstract High-pressure processing (HPP) technology has great potential for manipulating the structure and functionality of the components present in food matrices, therefore considerably affecting their bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Without knowledge of the principles and mechanisms responsible for these modifications, this technology’s potential is still not fully understood and justified from a nutritional point of view. This chapter presents the results of some of the main studies carried out to date to assess the impact of HPP on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of nutrients and bioactive compounds of different food matrices.
Bioavailability of zinc from infant foods byin vitro methods (solubility, dialyzability and uptake and transport by Caco-2 cells)
2006
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of zinc from infant foods (adapted, follow-up and toddler milk-based formulas and fruit juices containing milk and cereals, FMC) using solubility, dialyzability and a model combining simulated gastrointestinal digestion and zinc uptake and transport by Caco-2 cells. The greater solubility of zinc from infant formulas compared with fruit juices (FMC) could be due to the greater casein phosphopeptide content resulting from casein hydrolysis. The highest zinc dialysis percentage corresponded to FMC, which on the other hand had the lowest zinc contents of the analyzed samples. The presence of organic acids in samples of this kind favors …
Bioavailability of plant sterol-enriched milk-based fruit beverages: In vivo and in vitro studies
2015
Abstract This study for the first time compares the in vivo (response in serum from individuals of an interventional study) and in vitro effects (bioaccessibility determined from simulated gastrointestinal digestion) of two plant sterol (PS)-enriched milk-based fruit beverages (with and without tangerine fruit juice rich in β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx)) in order to assess their suitability as PS-enriched food matrixes, and the possible interactions between the two bioactive compounds (β-Cx and PS) that might affect their absorption. The randomized, double-blind, crossover study (performed in 36 postmenopausal women) showed the β-sitosterol and campesterol serum concentrations after four weeks of …
Effects of legume processing on calcium, iron and zinc contents and dialysabilities
2001
Legumes are a good source of calcium, iron and zinc, but are also a source of phytates and dietary fibre components that can negatively affect the bioavailability of these minerals. To estimate the latter, an in vitro dialysis method can be applied that gives the dialysability of a mineral as an estimate of its availability for absorption. Calcium, iron and zinc contents and dialysabilities in three legumes (beans, chickpeas and lentils) and the effects of cooking treatments and industrial processing on these parameters were studied. Beans had the highest calcium content (1.54 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) and chickpeas the lowest iron content (46.9mg kg -1 DM), whilst the zinc contents were sim…