Search results for "Average"
showing 10 items of 238 documents
Health care and societal costs of the management of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain : a descriptive a…
2017
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in childhood (5.3% to 7.1% worldwide prevalence), with substantial overall financial burden to children/adolescents, their families, and society. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with ADHD in Spain, estimate the associated direct/indirect costs of the disorder, and assess whether the characteristics and financial costs differed between children/adolescents adequately responding to currently available pharmacotherapies compared with children/adolescents for whom pharmacotherapies failed. Methods This was a multicenter, cross-secti…
Free Energy, Enthalpy and Entropy from Implicit Solvent End-Point Simulations
2018
Free energy is the key quantity to describe the thermodynamics of biological systems. In this perspective we consider the calculation of free energy, enthalpy and entropy from end-point molecular dynamics simulations. Since the enthalpy may be calculated as the ensemble average over equilibrated simulation snapshots the difficulties related to free energy calculation are ultimately related to the calculation of the entropy of the system and in particular of the solvent entropy. In the last two decades implicit solvent models have been used to circumvent the problem and to take into account solvent entropy implicitly in the solvation terms. More recently outstanding advancement in both impli…
Optimization on ports activation towards energy efficient data center networks
2018
Nowadays, Internet of thing including network support (i.e. checking social media, sending emails, video conferencing) requires smart and efficient data centers to support these services. Hence, data centers become more important and must be able to respond to ever changing service requirements and application demands. However, data centers are classified as one of the largest consumers of energy in the world. Existing topologies such as ScalNet improves the data center scalability while leading to enormous amounts of energy consumption. In this paper, we present a new energy efficient algorithm for ScalNet called Green ScalNet. The proposed topology strikes a compromise between maximizing …
The predictability of international terrorism: A time‐series analysis
1988
Abstract The study examines the predictability of international terrorism in terms of the existence of trends, seasonality, and periodicity of terrorist events. The data base used was the RAND Corporation's Chronology of International Terrorism. It contains the attributes of every case of international terrorism from 1968 to 1986 (n = 5,589). The authors applied Box‐Jenkins models for a time‐series analysis of the occurrence of terrorist events as well as their victimization rates. The analysis revealed that occurrence of terrorist events is far from being random: There is a clear trend and an almost constant periodicity of one month that can be best described by a first‐order moving averag…
Power Consumption Analysis of Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks
2010
In this paper four wireless sensor network operating systems are compared in terms of power consumption. The analysis takes into account the most common operating systems-TinyOS v1.0, TinyOS v2.0, Mantis and Contiki-running on Tmote Sky and MICAz devices. With the objective of ensuring a fair evaluation, a benchmark composed of four applications has been developed, covering the most typical tasks that a Wireless Sensor Network performs. The results show the instant and average current consumption of the devices during the execution of these applications. The experimental measurements provide a good insight into the power mode in which the device components are running at every moment, and t…
CFD simulations of dense solid–liquid suspensions in baffled stirred tanks: Prediction of solid particle distribution
2013
Abstract Industrial tanks devoted to the mixing of solid particles into liquids are often operated at an impeller speed N less than Njs (defined as the lowest speed allowing the suspension of all particles): under such conditions the distribution of solid-particles is very far from being homogeneous and very significant concentration gradients exist. The present work is devoted to assessing the capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in predicting the particle distribution throughout the tank. The CFD model proposed by Tamburini et al. [58] and successfully applied to the prediction of the sediment amount and shape was adopted here to simulate the particle distribution under partia…
Carbon Intensity of French Shippers
2014
International audience; To estimate CO2 emitted by a French shipper for the transportation of its shipments, we use the French shipper survey. In this survey, we only have three shipments per shipper and carbon intensity per shipment is highly variable. So the CO2 per shipper was estimated indirectly, with two different approaches: First we set up a typology of the shippers, in 10 types of ‘homogenous’ establishments and estimated in each type an average level of emissions per shipper. In a second approach, carbon intensity per tonne shipped has been modelled, using only the shipper characteristics as explaining variables. Then for each shipper, multiplying this average CO2 emission per ton…
Adaptative Network Topology for Data Centers
2016
Data centers have an important role in supporting cloud computing services (such as email, social networking, web search, etc.) enterprise computing needs, and infrastructure-based services. Data center networking is a research topic that aims at improving the overall performances of the data centers. It is a topic of high interest and importance for both academia and industry. Several architectures such as FatTree, FiConn, DCel, BCube, and SprintNet have been proposed. However, these topologies try to improve the scalability without any concerns about energy that data centers use and the network infrastructure cost, which are critical parameters that impact the performances of data centers…
Marginal abatement cost of carbon dioxide emissions in the provision of urban drinking water
2021
Abstract Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a major challenge faced by cities seeking to improve their environmental sustainability. Doing so requires a good understanding of the costs associated with lowering emissions and factors that may influence this cost. This study estimated the marginal abatement cost of reducing both direct and indirect CO2 emissions in the provision of drinking water by several water companies in England and Wales. The results indicated that during the years 2013–2018, the average cost to the English and Welsh water industry to prevent 1 kg of CO2 emissions was 0.264₤ which was equivalent to 61% of the price of the delivered drinking water The results of the Mor…
Exchange Rate Volatility in the Balkans and Eastern Europe: Implications for International Investments
2016
Our paper’s objective is to study the volatility of exchange rates from the region that have not yet adopted the Euro and are not members of the Exchange Rate Mechanism II by considering the exchange rate regime and the implications of currency volatility for foreign capital flows. We model exchange rate volatility by using standard deviations of daily logarithmic changes in the exchange rates, rolling standard deviations, Hodrick-Prescott filters to detect the trends in volatility and ARIMA models. We find that currency volatility remains a strong issue for these countries and that central banks have attempted to manage it, particularly after the global financial crisis. Spikes in monthly …