Search results for "Avoidance"
showing 10 items of 297 documents
Communication deficits and avoidance of angry faces in children with autism spectrum disorder.
2017
Abstract Background Understanding how emotional faces are processed is important to help characterize the social deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Aims We examined: (i) whether attention is modulated by emotional facial expression; (ii) the time course of the attentional preferences (short vs. long stimulus presentation rates); and (iii) the association between attentional biases and autistic symptomatology. Method and procedures We applied a dot-probe experiment with emotional faces (happy, sad, and angry). The sample was composed of ASD children without additional language and/or intellectual impairments (n = 29) and age-matched Typically Developing (TD) children (n = 29). Outco…
Endocannabinoids render exploratory behaviour largely independent of the test aversiveness: role of glutamatergic transmission.
2009
To investigate the impact of averseness, controllability and familiarity of a test situation on the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of exploratory behaviour, we tested conventional and conditional cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-deficient mice in behavioural paradigms with different emotional load, which depended on the strength of illumination and the ability of the animals to avoid the light stimulus. Complete CB1 null-mutant mice (Total-CB1-KO) showed an anxiogenic-like phenotype under circumstances where they were able to avoid the bright light such as the elevated plus-maze and the light/dark avoidance task. Conditional mutant mice lacking CB1 expression s…
The Higher the Dose, the Greater the Sex Differences in Escape–Avoidance Response in Mice After Acute Administration of Haloperidol
1998
Abstract MONLEON, S. AND A. PARRA. The higher the dose, the greater the sex differences in escape–avoidance response in mice after acute administration of haloperidol . PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 60 (1) 279–284, 1998.—Sex differences in the effects of haloperidol in the escape–avoidance response have previously been found in various studies carried out in our laboratory in which mice were used as experimental subjects. Males were more affected than females by the disruptive effects of this neuroleptic of frequent clinical use. In the present work these sex differences were evaluated in a unique training session using several doses of the drug (0.075, 0.25, and 0.75 mg/kg IP). The number of avo…
Gender differences in escape-avoidance behavior of mice after haloperidol administration.
1993
Gender differences in the disruptive effects of haloperidol on some reinforced behaviors have been observed in different species. However, the inhibitory action of haloperidol on the acquisition and performance of escape-avoidance behavior has only been investigated in male subjects. The present experiment was designed to investigate possible gender differences in the effects of haloperidol on the initial phase of an escape-avoidance learning task. Male and female mice of the OF1 strain were given a single training session in a shuttle-box. Thirty minutes prior to the behavioral test, mice were injected IP with haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg) or physiological saline (10 ml/kg). Latencies of escape…
Diazepam has no beneficial effects on stress-induced behavioural and endocrine changes in male tree shrews.
2000
Abstract VAN KAMPEN, M., U. SCHMITT, C. HIEMKE AND E. FUCHS. Diazepam has no beneficial effects on stress-induced behavioural and endocrine changes in male tree shrews. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 65 (3) 539–546, 2000.—The present study evaluated the effect of subchronic oral treatment of psychosocially stressed male tree shrews with diazepam on locomotor activity, marking behavior, avoidance behavior, and urinary cortisol and noradrenaline. To mimic a realistic situation of anxiolytic intervention, the treatment started 14 days after the beginning of psychosocial stress; at that time, the stress-induced behavioral and endocrine alterations had been established. The drug (5 mg/kg/day) was admin…
Chronic social defeat-induced social avoidance as a proxy of stress resilience in mice involves conditioned learning
2019
Abstract Chronic social defeat (CSD)-induced social avoidance is considered to model a feature of stress-related mental dysfunction, while its absence has been used as a proxy of resilience in rodents. However, knowledge on the mechanisms shaping CSD-induced individual outcomes remains fragmentary. Fear conditioning has been described as a suitable model in humans for better understanding the pathophysiology of stress related mental disorders. We sought to explore the extent to which conditioned learning is involved in CSD-induced social avoidance. In experiment 1 (social avoidance specificity), C57BL/6 J male mice underwent CSD followed by a modified social interaction test offering the si…
Effectiveness of instrumental reminiscence intervention on improving coping in healthy older adults
2017
Reminiscence is a psychological intervention that uses the recall of past events, feelings, and thoughts to facilitate pleasure, quality of life, and adjustment to present life. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a reminiscence intervention programme on coping strategies. One hundred fifty healthy older adults attended the reminiscence sessions. In order to evaluate the effects of the programme and find out if its effects lasted over time, we used an experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments, comparing a control group to the intervention group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in problem-solving copin…
Piracetam counteracts the effects of amitriptyline on inhibitory avoidance in CD1 mice.
2005
The purpose of the present work was to study the effects of amitriptyline on animal cognition in relation to some characteristics of its therapeutic effects. The modulation of acute and chronic effects of amitriptyline on inhibitory avoidance in male and female mice by piracetam was investigated. In Experiment 1, mice were subjected to the training phase of inhibitory avoidance conditioning 60 min after acute piracetam (100 mg/kg) or physiological saline administration. Immediately after the behavioural task, they received a single injection of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (30 mg/kg) or physiological saline. Twenty-four hours later, subjects were tested for avoidance. In Exper…
The role of academic buoyancy and emotions in students' learning-related expectations and behaviours in primary school.
2019
Background. Academic buoyancy refers to students’ ability to come through ordinary challenges they face in the academic context, and it can positively contribute to students’ beliefs and behaviours in learning situations. Although buoyancy has been found to be related to positive academic outcomes, previous studies have not examined how buoyancy influences academic emotions in learning situations and how these emotions further affect students’ learning-related expectations and behaviours. \ud Aims. This study investigated to what extent academic buoyancy predicts students’ failure expectations, avoidance behaviour, and task-oriented planning in learning situations, and to what extent academ…
Female-biased dispersal alone can reduce the occurrence of inbreeding in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix)
2010
Although inbreeding depression and mechanisms for kin recognition have been described in natural bird populations, inbreeding avoidance through mate choice has rarely been reported suggesting that sex-biased dispersal is the main mechanism reducing the risks of inbreeding. However, a full understanding of the effect of dispersal on the occurrence of inbred matings requires estimating the inbreeding risks prior to dispersal. Combining pairwise relatedness measures and kinship assignments, we investigated in black grouse whether the observed occurrence of inbred matings was explained by active kin discrimination or by female-biased dispersal. In this large continuous population, copulations b…