Search results for "Avoidance"
showing 10 items of 297 documents
The Role of Dysfunctional Cognitions in Patients With Chronic Tinnitus
2015
OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the role of dysfunctional cognitions in patients with chronic tinnitus. To explore different dimensions of tinnitus-related thoughts, a 22-item self-report measure, the "Tinnitus Cognitions Scale" (T-Cog), is presented. Furthermore, dysfunctional cognitions are examined as a possible mediator of the relation between tinnitus distress and depression. DESIGN The present study analyzes the cross-sectional data of 373 patients with chronic tinnitus. Parallel analysis and principal axis factoring are used to identify the factor structure of the T-Cog. Assumed mediating effects are tested using the asymptotic and resampling procedure. RESULTS Factor analy…
Opioid receptor PET reveals the psychobiologic correlates of reward processing.
2008
Little is known about the neurobiologic correlates of human personality. On the basis of the key role of the central opioidergic system in addiction and substance abuse, we investigated the relationship between certain personality traits that are supposed to be relevant in addiction and the opioid receptor status in healthy subjects.We investigated 23 healthy male volunteers who were extensively clinically tested to exclude substance abuse. All of the subjects underwent 1 PET scan with the subtype-nonselective opioidergic radioligand 18F-fluoroethyl-diprenorphine under resting conditions without sensory or cognitive stimulation. Subsequently, the subjects were psychologically tested for the…
The cardiac anxiety syndrome ? a subtype of panic attacks
1985
Cardiac anxiety syndrome and the diagnosis of cardiac neurosis respectively are characterized by panic attacks. Panic attacks are the core syndrome of a validated anxiety disorder (panic disorder). The purpose of this study was to investigate if the cardiac anxiety syndrome represents a separate disorder or if it is only a subtype of panic attacks. In a sample of 122 patients with panic attacks, all patients with a cardiac anxiety syndrome were selected (n = 31). Furthermore, parallel to this group--matched in the variables age and sex--a second group of patients with no cardiac anxiety syndrome was selected. There were no significant differences in course; in clinical phenomenology, patien…
One-year follow-up of cardiac anxiety syndromes. Outcome and predictors of course.
1987
In a representative sample (n = 31) of patients with panic attacks and a cardiac anxiety syndrome, a prospective follow-up study after a 1-year interval was performed. At the follow-up assessment 33% of the patients were in remission, whereas the majority of patients had an unfavorable course. Avoidance behavior and female sexual status were found to be predictive for an unfavorable course. Within a matched-pair design controlled for age and sex, no difference between panic disorder with and without cardiac anxiety syndrome was observed in any psychosocial or psychopathological outcome variable. This result is an argument against the validity of the subtype cardiac anxiety syndrome.
A randomized trial of steroid avoidance in renal transplant patients treated with everolimus and cyclosporine
2005
In this randomized trial renal transplant recipients were treated with basiliximab, everolimus 3 mg/day, low-dose CsA. At transplantation, patients were randomized to stop steroids at the seventh day (group A) or to continue oral steroids in low doses (group B). Of the 113 patients enrolled, 65 were randomized to group A and 68 to group B. All patients were followed for 2 years. During the study 28 (43%) group A patients required reintroduced corticosteroids. One patient died, in group B. The Graft survival rate was 97% in group A and 90% in group B. There were more biopsy-proven rejections in group A (32% vs 16%; P = .044). The mean creatinine clearance was 54 +/- 21 mL/min in group A vs 5…
Elderly adults delay proprioceptive reweighting during the anticipation of collision avoidance when standing.
2012
The ability to reweight visual and proprioceptive information is critical for maintaining postural stability in a dynamic environment. In this study, we examined whether visual anticipation of collision avoidance (AV) while standing could facilitate the down-weighting of altered proprioception in young and elderly adults. Twelve young (24.91 ± 6.44 years) and 12 elderly (74.8 ± 6.42 years) participants stood upright for 180 s under two task conditions: (a) quiet stance (QS) and (b) standing while anticipating virtual objects to be avoided. In order to disrupt the accuracy of proprioceptive input participants were exposed to bilateral Achilles tendon vibration during the middle 60 s of stand…
Emotional and Cognitive Variables Associated with Contamination-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
2016
AbstractDifferent variables have been associated with the development/ maintenance of contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although the relevance of these factors has not been clearly established. The present study aimed to analyze the relevance and specificity of these variables. Forty-five women with high scores on obsessive-compulsive contamination symptoms (n= 16) or checking symptoms (n= 15), or non-clinical scores (n= 14) participated in a behavioral approach/avoidance task (BAT) with a contamination-OCD stimulus. Vulnerability variables and participants’ emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral responses to the BAT were appraised. Results show that fea…
Differences in the nature of body image disturbances between female obese individuals with versus without a comorbid binge eating disorder: an explor…
2011
Various components of body image were measured to assess body image disturbances in patients with obesity. To overcome limitations of previous studies, a photo distortion technique and a biological motion distortion device were included to assess static and dynamic aspects of body image. Questionnaires assessed cognitive-affective aspects, bodily attitudes, and eating behavior. Patients with obesity and a binge eating disorder (OBE, n = 15) were compared with patients with obesity only (ONB; n = 15), to determine the nature of any differences in body image disturbances. Both groups had high levels of body image disturbances with cognitive-affective deficits. Binge eating disorder (BED) par…
The importance of pattern similarity between Müllerian mimics in predator avoidance learning
2004
Müllerian mimicry, where unpalatable prey share common warning patterns, has long fascinated evolutionary biologists. It is commonly assumed that Müllerian mimics benefit by sharing the costs of predator education, thus reducing per capita mortality, although there has been no direct test of this assumption. Here, we specifically measure the selection pressure exerted by avian predators on unpalatable prey with different degrees of visual similarity in their warning patterns. Using wild-caught birds foraging on novel patterned prey in the laboratory, we unexpectedly found that pattern similarity did not increase the speed of avoidance learning, and even dissimilar mimics shared the educatio…
A Neural Solution for a Mobile Robot Navigation into Unknown Indoor Environments Using Visual Landmarks
1998
In this paper we present a neural solution for a mobile robot navigation into unknown indoor environments by using landmarks. Robot navigation task is implemented by two groups of processes based on MLP neural networks classifiers: a Low Level Vision System performs obstacle avoidance and corridor following, while an High Level Vision System extracts landmarks contents and performs goal directed navigation. A path-planner manages the two navigation systems and interacts with the robot hardware. The proposed solution is very strong and flexible and can be used to drive a mobile robot in real indoor environments. In the paper experimental results are also reported.