Search results for "B1"

Inhibition of clastogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and of its trans-7,8-dihydrodiol in mice in vivo by fruits, vegetables, and flavonoids.

2003

In the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, homogenates of spinach, artichoke, peaches, and blue grapes as well as commercial concentrates of these vegetables and fruits reduced induction of micronuclei by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by 43-50%. Concentrates of strawberries (31% reduction) and of cauliflower (20% reduction) were less potent. Inhibition of genotoxicity by spinach and peaches was not caused by any delay in maturation of micronucleated erythrocytes as shown by experiments with sampling times of 24, 48, and 72 h after dosing of BaP. Pre-treatment of the mice with spinach 48, 24, and 12h before application of BaP resulted in a 44% reduction of micronuclei while peaches generate…

Usefulness of routine hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and parvovirus B19 serology in the diagnosis of recent-onset inflammatory arthritides.

2005

Concurrent detection of human herpesvirus type 6 and measles-specific IgMs during acute exanthematic human parvovirus B19 infection

2006

A familial outbreak of human parvovirus B19 infection is described in which serological tests carried out routinely for determining the causal agent of febrile rashes of viral etiology failed to yield a definitive diagnosis. Concurrent detection of serum IgMs to parvovirus B19 and to heterologous viruses such as human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) and measles virus complicated interpretation of the data. IgG avidity tests and investigation and testing for the presence of viral DNA in sera by PCR were required to confirm parvovirus B19. The study stresses the importance of avidity and PCR tests to obtain a firm diagnosis of febrile exanthematic viral diseases.

Global and gene-specific histone modification profiles of mouse multipotent adult germline stem cells

2010

We previously reported the generation of multipotent adult germline stem cells (maGSCs) from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) isolated from adult mouse testis. In a later study, we substantiated the pluripotency of maGSCs by demonstrating their close similarity to pluripotent male embryonic stem cells (ESCs) at the epigenetic level of global and gene-specific DNA methylation. Here, we extended the comparative epigenetic analysis of maGSCs and male ESCs by investigating the second main epigenetic modification in mammals, i.e. global and gene-specific modifications of histones (H3K4 trimethylation, H3K9 acetylation, H3K9 trimethylation and H3K27 trimethylation). Using immunofluorescence stain…

FM19G11, a New Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Modulator, Affects Stem Cell Differentiation Status

2009

The biology of the alpha subunits of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF alpha) has expanded from their role in angiogenesis to their current position in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The results reported in this article show the discovery of FM19G11, a novel chemical entity that inhibits HIF alpha proteins that repress target genes of the two alpha subunits, in various tumor cell lines as well as in adult and embryonic stem cell models from rodents and humans, respectively. FM19G11 inhibits at nanomolar range the transcriptional and protein expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Tgf-alpha undifferentiating factors, in adult rat and human embryonic stem cells, FM19G11 activit…

Loss of striatal type 1 cannabinoid receptors is a key pathogenic factor in Huntington's disease.

2010

Endocannabinoids act as neuromodulatory and neuroprotective cues by engaging type 1 cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are highly abundant in the basal ganglia and play a pivotal role in the control of motor behaviour. An early downregulation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors has been documented in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's disease and animal models. However, the pathophysiological impact of this loss of receptors in Huntington's disease is as yet unknown. Here, we generated a double-mutant mouse model that expresses human mutant huntingtin exon 1 in a type 1 cannabinoid receptor-null background, and found that receptor deletion aggravates the symptoms, neuropatholog…

HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allele frequencies in Cyrenaica population (Libya) and genetic relationships with other populations.

2011

Abstract The frequencies of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles in 118 unrelated Libyans from Benghazi (Cyrenaica) were analysed using high resolution typing and compared with other populations. Their relatedness has been tested by correspondence analyses and principal component analysis. The most frequent HLA-A alleles were A ∗ 02:01:01:01 (15.7%), A ∗ 01:01:01:01 (11.4%) and A ∗ 03:01:01:01 (9.3%). For the HLA-B locus, the commonest allele was HLA-B ∗ 50:01:01 (14.4%) followed by B ∗ 51:01:01 (9.8%) and B ∗ 08:01:01 (6.4%). For the HLA-DRB1 locus, the commonest was HLA-DRB1 ∗ 07:01:01:01 (16.9%) followed by DRB1 ∗ 03:01:01:01 (13.6%) and DRB1 ∗ 13:02:01 (9.3%). The most frequent two-locus h…

Hepatic metabolism of diallyl disulfide in rat and man

2003

International audience; 1. The metabolism of diallyl disulphide was investigated in vitro with rat and human liver cell subfractions and ex vivo with an isolated perfused rat liver. 2. Diallyl disulphide was oxidized to diallylthiosulphinate by rat liver microsomes with an apparent K-m = 0.86 +/- 0.1 mM and an apparent V-max = 0.47 +/- 0.12 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein (mean +/- SE). Both cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenases were involved, with CYP2B1/2 and CYP2E1 being the most active CYP enzymes. 3. In rat and man, microsomal oxidation of allylmethyl sulphide to allylmethyl sulphoxide and allylmethyl sulphone also occurred, although at a low rate. Diallyl disulphide w…

Hepatocytes cultured in alginate microspheres: an optimized technique to study enzyme induction.

2004

An important application of hepatocyte cultures is identification of drugs acting as inducers of biotransformation enzymes that alter metabolic clearance of other therapeutic agents. In the present study we optimized an in vitro system with hepatocytes cultured in alginate microspheres that allow studies of enzyme induction with excellent sensitivity. Induction factors obtained with standard inducers, such as 3-methylcholanthrene or phenobarbital, were higher compared to those with conventional hepatocyte co-cultures on collagen coated dishes. This is illustrated by activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) after incubation with 5 microM 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), a standard ind…

Understanding Cannabinoid Psychoactivity with Mouse Genetic Models

2007

Marijuana and its main psychotropic ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exert a plethora of psychoactive effects through the activation of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), which is expressed by different neuronal subpopulations in the central nervous system. The exact neuroanatomical substrates underlying each effect of THC are, however, not known. We tested locomotor, hypothermic, analgesic, and cataleptic effects of THC in conditional knockout mouse lines, which lack the expression of CB1 in different neuronal subpopulations, including principal brain neurons, GABAergic neurons (those that release γ aminobutyric acid), cortical glutamatergic neurons, and neurons expres…