Search results for "BASAL"
showing 10 items of 920 documents
CCK-8S systemic administration blocks the 7-nitroindazole-induced effects on the EEG of striatum and globus pallidus: a FFT analysis in the rat
2004
Background: Nitric oxide (NO) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are involved in the modulation of several neurotransmitter systems in the basal ganglia, and a functional interaction between their modulatory effects could be hypothesised. Materials and Methods: We studied the effects exerted by the administration of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (50 mg kg-1 i.p.), a selective inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase, on the depth EEG activity of the striatum and of the globus pallidus in both not pre-treated and sulphated CCK octapeptide (CCK- 8S)-treated (100 nM kg-1 i.p.) rats. Striatal and pallidal depth EEG power spectra were examined by means of a Fast Fourier Transform analysis. Results: Striatal depth reco…
Amygdaloid projections to the ventral striatum in mice: direct and indirect chemosensory inputs to the brain reward system
2011
Rodents constitute good models for studying the neural basis of socio-sexual behaviour. Recent findings in mice have revealed the molecular identity of the some pheromonal molecules triggering intersexual attraction. However, the neural pathways mediating this basic socio-sexual behaviour remain elusive. Since previous work indicates that the dopaminergic tegmento-striatal pathway is not involved in pheromone reward, the present report explores alternative pathways linking the vomeronasal system with the tegmento-striatal system (the limbic basal ganglia) by means of tract-tracing experiments studying direct and indirect projections from the chemosensory amygdala to the ventral striato-pall…
Functional role of basal ganglia in normal and pathological behaviour
2007
The basal ganglia (BG) appear to exert their major influence on motor functions and their related different behavioral activities. It has been proposed that the BG subserve relatively automatic responses to sensory inputs involving high-level functions like behavioural learning and procedural memory. Moreover, BG play a key role in the processes driving motor performance including emotion, motivation and reward. Severe neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), ballism, Huntington’s chorea, Tourette’s syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been linked to BG dysfunctions. This article emphasizes the role of the BG in appropriate behavioural respons…
Perception of the Professional Knowledge of and Education on the Medical Technology Products among the Pharmacists in the Baltic and Nordic Countries…
2016
Article
Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
2023
An organism's energy budget is strongly related to resource consumption, performance, and fitness. Hence, understanding the evolution of key energetic traits, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in natural populations is central for understanding life-history evolution and ecological processes. Here we used quantitative genetic analyses to study evolutionary potential of BMR in two insular populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). We obtained measurements of BMR and body mass (Mb) from 911 house sparrows on the islands of Leka and Vega along the coast of Norway. These two populations were the source populations for translocations to create an additional third, admixed ‘common ga…
A Process-Oriented View of Procedural Memory Can Help Better Understand Tourette’s Syndrome
2021
Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of tics and the underlying neurobiology of the disorder have suggested that the altered functioning of the procedural memory system might contribute to its etiology. However, contrary to the robust findings of impaired procedural memory in neurodevelopmental disorders of language, results from TS have been somewhat mixed. We review the previous studies in the field and note that they have reported normal, impaired, and even enhanced procedural performance. These mixed findings may be at least partially be explained by the diversity of the s…
Relaciones suelo-vegetación en una toposecuencia del Escudo Guayanés, Venezuela
2014
El Escudo Guayanés es uno de los territorios más antiguos del planeta; tiene millones de años sometido a procesos de lixiviación y erosión que dejan suelos oligotróficos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer la caracterización de los parámetros físicos y químicos de los suelos, en diferentes comunidades boscosas de la Reserva Forestal Imataca, e identificar ciertas relaciones entre los componentes edáficos y las especies que allí se presentan. Se realizó un inventario de todos los individuos mayores a 10cm dap (diámetro a la altura del pecho) en 15 parcelas (1ha); en cada una de esas parcelas se evaluaron cuatro sub-parcelas de sotobosque (100m²) para contabilizar todas las espermatofitas;…
Phase equilibria of Pantelleria trachytes (Italy): constraints on pre-eruptive conditions and on the metaluminous to peralkaline transition in silici…
2018
Pantelleria Island is the type locality of pantellerite, an iron and alkali-rich rhyolite (P.I=molar Na2O+K2O/Al2O3 >1.05). Peralkaline rhyolites (i.e pantellerite and comendite) and trachytes usually represent the felsic end-members in continental rift systems (e.g., Pantelleria, Tibesti, Ethiopia, Afar, Kenya, Bain and Range, South Greenland) and in oceanic sland settings (Socorro Is., Easter Is., Iceland and Azores). The origin of peralkaline rhyolites in the different tectonic settings is still a matter of debate and three hypotheses have been suggested: (a) crystal fractionation of alkali-basalt in a shallow reservoir to produce a trachyte which subsequently gives rise to a pantelle…
Experimental Constraints on the Deep Magma Feeding System at StromboliVolcano, Italy
2009
International audience; New experiments have been performed on a high-K basalt (PST-9) from Stromboli volcano, Italy, to constrain the physical conditions of golden pumice magmas at their storage level and discuss their petrogenesis. Fluid-present, H2O- and CO2-bearing, near-liquidus experiments were performed at 11508C between 100 and 400MPa and under oxidizing conditions. Glasses were analyzed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and their H2O and CO2 concentrations compared with those in glass inclusions.Most glass inclusions cluster near the 200MPa isobar, suggesting entrapment at a depth of ~8 km. Golden pumice magmas have viscosities of 7.9 Pa s and densities of 2.48-2.57 g/cm3. Compo…
A model of degassing for Stromboli volcano
2010
International audience; A better understanding of degassing processes at open-vent basaltic volcanoes requires collection of new datasets of H2O–CO2–SO2 volcanic gas plume compositions, which acquisition has long been hampered by technical limitations. Here, we use the MultiGAS technique to provide the best-documented record of gas plume discharges from Stromboli volcano to date. We show that Stromboli's gases are dominated by H2O (48–98 mol%; mean, 80%), and by CO2 (2–50 mol%; mean, 17%) and SO2 (0.2–14 mol%; mean, 3%). The significant temporal variability in our dataset reflects the dynamic nature of degassing process during Strombolian activity; which we explore by interpreting our gas m…