Search results for "BATES"

Phylogeny and classification of poison frogs (Amphibia: dendrobatidae), based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences.

2000

An analysis of partial sequences of the 16S ribosomal rRNA gene (582 bp) of 20 poison frog species (Dendrobatidae) confirmed their phylogenetic relationships to bufonid and leptodactylid frogs. Representatives of the ranoid families and subfamilies Raninae, Mantellinae, Petropedetinae, Cacosterninae, Arthroleptidae, Astylosternidae, and Microhylidae did not cluster as sister group of the Dendrobatidae. Similar results were obtained in an analysis using a partial sequence of the 12S gene (350 bp) in a reduced set of taxa and in a combined analysis. Within the Dendrobatidae, our data supported monophyly of the genus Phyllobates but indicated paraphyly of Epipedobates and Colostethus. Minyobat…

Disentangling composite colour patterns in a poison frog species

2008

A phylogenetic approach was performed to infer whether variation in conspicuous colour-patterns of a poison frog (Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates tinctorius) has evolved neutrally or under selection. Colour and pattern were split into components that were separately analysed and subsequently re-grouped via principal component analysis. This revealed four different ‘displayed’ factors on the dorsal and lateral views versus one ‘concealed’ factor on the ventral view. Based on the assumption that current patterns of trait variation contain information about the evolutionary history of the phenotype, we correlated these trait components to a neutrally evolving gene fragment (cytochrome b). The conce…

John Bates Clark on trusts: New light from the Columbia archives

2005

Public concern over the so called “trust problem” in the United States between the end of the nineteenth century and 1914, the year of the passage of the Clayton and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Acts, was reflected in the considerable contemporary literature on the subject. Not surprisingly, professional economists actively participated in this debate. Their thinking directly and indirectly influenced the legislation of 1914 in a way that cannot be said of the Sherman Act of 1890 (Mayhew 1998). A survey of the most important of these professional writings shows that, among the several voices animating the discussion, John Bates Clark's was perhaps the most influential. In this connection,…

Interaction Between drug loaded Polyaspartamide-polylactide-polisorbate based micelles and cell membrane models: a calorimetric study

2011

Amphiphilic biodegradable copolymers, for their ability to self-assemble into micelle-like aggregates, with a suitable loading capacity, are of emerging interest for the delivery of water-insoluble drugs. α,β-Poly[(N-hydroxyethyl)-dl-aspartamide] (PHEA) is suitable to obtain amphiphilic graft copolymers. These copolymers can be obtained starting from PHEA-ethylenediamine (PHEA-EDA) which is functionalized with polysorbate 80 (PS₈₀, like targeting residues to the brain) and polylactide (PLA, like hydrophobic chains) in order to obtain polymeric micelles of PHEA-EDA-PS₈₀-PLA potentially useful to release drugs to the central nervous system. In this paper, the interaction and absorption of PHE…

Comparative enhancer effects of Span20 with Tween20 and Azone on the in vitro percutaneous penetration of compounds with different lipophilicities.

2000

Sorbitan monolaurate (Span20) was used in this study to analyze the influence of the polar functional group on the effects that non-ionic surfactants have on skin permeability. Its ethoxylate derivative polysorbate 20 (Tween20) and Azone, both with the same C12 alkyl chain as Span20, were used for comparative purposes. We evaluated the relative potency of the three molecules as enhancers in the permeability of a series of compounds with lipophilicities ranging from log Poct=-0.95 to log Poct=2.33. The influence of the enhancer concentration was also studied. For this purpose the epidermis of Wistar rat was pretreated with ethanolic solutions (1 and 5%, w/v) of each enhancer. Our results ind…

El último intelectual (y 4). Un modelo

2007

Sulla domanda di storia del pensiero economico. Alcune evidenze, alcune riflessioni

2020

In questo saggio si presenta un panorama dello stato attuale e del possibile futuro della Storia del Pensiero Economico (SPE). Nella prima parte ci concentriamo sulla domanda di SPE proveniente dall’interno del mondo accademico, da settori disciplinari diversi, a livello mondiale. La seconda parte invece individua alcuni ambiti esterni alla nostra professione che manifestano interesse nei confronti della SPE. Nella terza parte proviamo infine a proiettarci nel futuro, segnalando alcuni percorsi che ci sembra potrebbero andare incontro alle richieste identificate In this chapter we offer a presentation of the current state and possible evolution of studies in the History of Economic Thought.…

Mujeres en la mundialización

2001

When Economics Faces the Economy: John Bates Clark and the 1914 Antitrust Legislation

2013

The aim of this paper is to analyze John Bates Clark's influence in the passing of the Clayton and Federal Trade Commission Acts of 1914. It is argued that Clark was important to the passage of these acts in two ways. First, he exercised an indirect influence by discussing in academic journals and books problems concerning trusts, combinations, and the measures necessary to preserve the working of competitive markets. At least as importantly, Clark took an active role in the reform movement, both contributing to draft proposals for the amendment of existing antitrust legislation and providing help and advice during the Congressional debates that led to the passage of the FTC and Clayton Act…

Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalisations for cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and pne…

2007

Annual circulation of influenza virus coincides with a peak in cardiovascular and pneumonia mortality/morbidity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalisation due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and pneumonia in the elderly. Three case-control studies were performed during the 2004-2005 influenza season in three health districts in Valencia, Spain (total elderly [>64 years of age] population: n=105,454). Controls were patients admitted for an acute surgical process or trauma within 10 days of case admission. In total, 159 patients were hospitalised for ACS, 148 for CVA and 242 for p…