Search results for "BIPOLAR"
showing 10 items of 395 documents
Sexual Dysfunction and Mood Stabilizers in Long-Term Stable Patients With Bipolar Disorder.
2020
Abstract Background In addition to factors intrinsic to bipolar disorder (BD), sexual functioning (SF) can be affected by extrinsic causes, such as psychotropic drugs. However, the effect of mood stabilizers on SF and quality of life (QoL) is an underexplored research area. Aim To analyze SF in BD outpatients in euthymia for at least 6 months treated only with mood stabilizers and the association between SF and QoL. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 BD outpatients treated with (i) lithium alone (L group); (ii) anticonvulsants alone (valproate or lamotrigine; A group); (iii) lithium plus anticonvulsants (L+A group); or (iv) lithium plus benzodiazepines (L+B gro…
The potential use of biomarkers as an adjunctive tool for staging bipolar disorder
2009
Recent data show that biomarkers differ in early and late-stage bipolar disorder (BD). Here we propose a model of staging for bipolar disorder that emphasizes the potential use of biomarkers for differentiating early and late-stage BD patients in the inter-episodic period. The proposed model includes a Latent phase: patients at "ultra-high-risk" for developing BD, characterized by a family history of BD, temperament traits, mood, and anxiety symptoms as well as genetic vulnerability for developing the disorder; Stage I: patients who return to their baseline level of functioning when mood episodes resolve; Stage II: biomarkers and functioning impairment are related to comorbidities or rapid-…
The effects of reward and frustration in patients with bipolar disorder: Evidence from a computerized task with non-contingent feedback.
2021
Abstract Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood changes that implies alterations in reward sensitivity and frustration tolerance. This study examined the effects of monetary reward and frustration on attentional performance and on affective experience across mood states in BD. Methods: An Affective Posner Task in which the nature of contingencies are divided in the three successive blocks (baseline condition, monetary reward and non-contingent feedback) was applied to BD individuals in their different episodes: mania (n = 30), depression (n = 30), and euthymia (n = 30) as well as to a group of healthy controls (n = 30). Results: Monetary reward improved performance (in …
Motor speed predicts stability of cognitive deficits in both schizophrenic and bipolar I patients at one-year follow-up
2009
Background: We examined whether motor speed assessed by the finger tapping test predicts generalized and specific stable deficits because of a common pathogenic process in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Methods: One hundred and two patients underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with a score of less than one standard deviation from their siblings', sample in two assessments with an interval of one year were defined as suffering from stable deficits because of a common pathogenic process. In addition to univariate analyses, factor analyses, ordinal logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. A general score was also calculated. Results: No differen…
On the modelling of an Acid/Base Flow battery: an innovative electrical energy storage device based on pH and salinity gradients
2019
The Acid/Base Flow Battery (AB-FB) is an innovative and sustainable way to store electric energy. It can theoretically guarantee an energy density of about 11 kWh/m3, which is higher than that provided by pumped hydropower, osmotic energy storage and compressed air. The AB-FB stores energy as pH and salinity gradients by employing a stack provided with (i) channels, hosting the solutions at difference pH and concentrations, separated by (ii) monopolar and bipolar ion exchange membranes. Two different membrane processes are involved: the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (ED-BM) as charging step and its opposite, Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (RED-BM) as discharging step. The prese…
Quantum chemical modelling of electron polarons and excitons in ABO3perovskites
2000
Quantum chemical calculations using the intermediate neglect of the differential overlap (INDO) method, combined with the large unit cell periodic model argue for an existence of the self-trapped electrons in KNbO3 and KTaO3 perovskite crystals. An electron in the ground state occupies predominantly t2g orbital of a Nb4+ ion. Its orbital degeneracy is lifted by a combination of the breathing and Jahn-Teller modes where four nearest equatorial O atoms are displaced outwards and two oxygens shift inwards along the z axis. Triplet exciton is shown to be in a good approximation of a pair of nearest Jahn-Teller electron and hole polarons (a bipolaron) which is very likely responsible for the `gr…
Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) for acute lithium intoxication
2008
Acute lithium intoxication may cause serious neurologic and cardiac manifestations, up to the patient's death. Owing to its low molecular weight, relatively small volume of distribution close to that of total body water, and its negligible protein binding, lithium can be efficiently removed by any extracorporeal modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT). However, the shift from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment, with the inherent rebound phenomenon after the end of RRT, might limit the efficacy of the conventional, short-lasting haemodialysis. There have been no published studies up to now concerning the use of sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) in lithium intoxicat…
Bipolar disorder: A neural network perspective on a disorder of emotion and motivation
2013
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic disease with a heritability of 60-80%. BD is frequently misdiagnosed due to phenomenological overlap with other psychopathologies, an important issue that calls for the identification of biological and psychological vulnerability and disease markers. Altered structural and functional connectivity, mainly between limbic and prefrontal brain areas, have been proposed to underlie emotional and motivational dysregulation in BD and might represent relevant vulnerability and disease markers. In the present laboratory review we discuss functional and structural neuroimaging findings on emotional and motivational dysregulation from our research group in BD…
Neurons of the medial cortex outer plexiform layer of the lizard Podarcis hispanica: Golgi and immunocytochemical studies.
1994
The study of Golgi-impregnated lizard brains has revealed a scarce but heterogeneous neuronal population in the outer plexiform layer of the medial cortex. Some of the neuronal types detected here resemble the neurons of the dentate molecular layer of the mammalian hippocampus. According to their morphology, five intrinsic neuronal types have been clearly identified: short axon aspinous bipolar neuron (type 1, or sarmentous neuron), short axon aspinous juxtasomatic neuron (type 2, or coral neuron), short axon sparsely spinous multipolar neuron (type 3, or stellate neuron), short axon sparsely spinous juxtasomatic multipolar neuron (type 4, or deep stellate neuron, and sparsely spinous juxta…
Age at First Episode Modulates Diagnosis-Related Structural Brain Abnormalities in Psychosis.
2016
Brain volume and thickness abnormalities have been reported in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, it is unclear if and how they are modulated by brain developmental stage (and, therefore, by age at FEP as a proxy). This is a multicenter cross-sectional case-control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Patients with FEP (n = 196), 65.3% males, with a wide age at FEP span (12-35 y), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 157), matched for age, sex, and handedness, were scanned at 6 sites. Gray matter volume and thickness measurements were generated for several brain regions using FreeSurfer software. The nonlinear relationship between age at scan (a proxy for age at FEP in patients) and…