Search results for "BREATH"

2019

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) may result in longer duration of in-hospital stay and even mortality. Both thoracic surgery and intraoperative mechanical ventilation settings add considerably to the risk of PPC. It is unclear if one-lung ventilation (OLV) for thoracic surgery with a strategy of intraoperative high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers (RM) reduces PPC, compared to low PEEP without RM. PROTHOR is an international, multicenter, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, two-arm trial initiated by investigators of the PROtective VEntilation NETwork. In total, 2378 patients will be randomly assigned to one of two different intraoperative m…

Performance and work of nasal breathing

2021

Abstract OBJECTIVE. To evaluate performance (Q) and work (W) of nasal breathing as potential parameters in functional diagnostic of nasal obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We included in our study 250 patients and we measured by 4-phase-rhinomanometry with decongestion test. We calculated performance Q of the “representative breath” in inspiration and expiration and in total breath, maximal performance Q (Qmax), Work W of nasal breathing in mJ and in mJ/litre and Q in J/min. RESULTS. The interquartile range of Win for representative breath before decongestion is 356 mJ/l, Wex 308 mJ/l, while after decongestion Win is 264 mJ/l and Wex 220 mJ/l. There is no significant difference between wor…

Activation of Astrocytes in the Persistence of Post-hypoxic Respiratory Augmentation

2021

Acute hypoxia increases ventilation. After cessation of hypoxia loading, ventilation decreases but remains above the pre-exposure baseline level for a time. However, the mechanism of this post-hypoxic persistent respiratory augmentation (PHRA), which is a short-term potentiation of breathing, has not been elucidated. We aimed to test the hypothesis that astrocytes are involved in PHRA. To this end, we investigated hypoxic ventilatory responses by whole-body plethysmography in unanesthetized adult mice. The animals breathed room air, hypoxic gas mixture (7% O2, 93% N2) for 2min, and again room air for 10min before and after i.p. administration of low (100mg/kg) and high (300mg/kg) doses of a…

Severity Of Sleep Disordered Breathing Is An Independent Predictor Of Glycemic Health: The European Sleep Cohort (ESADA) Study

2012

Resumption of Ventilation at the End of Obstructive Sleep Apneas is not Determined by Diaphragmatic Fatigue

1988

In patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) a progressive increase of the force developed by the respiratory muscles is usually observed during the occlusive phase before upper airway patency is resumed (Onal and Lopata, 1986).

2021

Abstract Strong evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through altered regulation of proteostasis. Robust preclinical findings demonstrated that guanabenz selectively inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2α-phosphatase, allowing misfolded protein clearance, reduces neuronal death and prolongs survival in in vitro and in vivo models. However, its safety and efficacy in patients with ALS are unknown. To address these issues, we conducted a multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial with a futility design. Patients with ALS who had displayed an onset of symptoms within the previous 18 mon…

Real-Time Breath Analysis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients During Cognitive Effort

2013

The understanding the functional expression of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has gradually expanded from the initial identification of breath pathological markers to direct expression of physiological activity. In the present study we investigated the potential application of breath analysis in real-time monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients versus control subjects while performing a cognitive task. T2DM is associated with cognitive impairment and neural deficits, because of insulin resistance and high expression of insulin receptors in the hippocampus. We set out to seek the evidence for mutual associations among breath exhale, on the one side, and T2DM and cog…

Respiratory snorkel and valve system for breath-by-breath gas analysis in swimming

2003

The present study aimed to compare a standard facemask (CM) and a newly modified swimming snorkel and valve system (SV) for breath-by-breath (BxB) gas analysis (K4 b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy), and to validate the system under controlled laboratory conditions before being used in swimming. Nine healthy males performed two bouts of a stepwise exercise on an electrically braked stationary bicycle on separate days. Ventilatory and gas exchange parameters were analyzed using the same BxB portable system, with subjects breathing alternatively through the two different valves. Agreement between both methods was evaluated by Passing-Bablok regression analysis. The gas exchange values measured using th…

Cardiovascular consequences of sleep disordered breathing: the role of CPAP treatment

2020

CPAP treatment decreases BP in OSA patients, especially in severe OSA, and in patients with poorly controlled BP. OSA adversely affects heart function and remodelling, but its role in the pathogenesis of HF remains unclear. Similarly, the impact of CPAP is uncertain, and results of the ongoing ADVENT-HF trial will provide more information. Several experimental studies in animals and humans indicate a central role of intermittent hypoxia in atherogenesis through multiple mechanisms. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with CAD and OSA found no difference in outcomes between CPAP-treated and untreated patients. The negative results of secondary prevention RCTs may be the …

Editorial commentary: Sleep disordered breathing and cardiovascular outcomes: is it time to change our thinking?

2017

no abstract