Search results for "Bach"
showing 10 items of 571 documents
Role of cholinergic neurons in the motor effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 in mouse colon
2010
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) reduces mouse gastric tone and small intestine transit, but its action on large intestine motility is still unknown. The purposes of the present study were 1) to examine the influence of GLP-2 on spontaneous mechanical activity and on neurally evoked responses, by recording intraluminal pressure from mouse isolated colonic segments; 2) to characterize GLP-2 mechanism of action; and 3) to determine the distribution of GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the mouse colonic muscle coat by immunohistochemistry. Exogenous GLP-2 (0.1–300 nM) induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the spontaneous mechanical activity, which was abolished by the desensitization of GLP-…
Low Levels of Mitochondrial DNA and Symbiont Diversity in the Worldwide Agricultural Pest, the Greenhouse Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemipte…
2015
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly, is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. Little is known about the genetic diversity of T. vaporariorum and the bacterial symbionts associated with this species. Here, we undertook a large phylogeographic study by investigating both the mitochondrial (mt) diversity and the infection status of 38 T. vaporariorum collections from 18 countries around the world. Genetic diversity of T. vaporariorum was studied by analyzing sequence data from the mt cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogeny reconstruction delineated 2 clades characterized by limited sequence divergence: one clade c…
Construct validity and reliability of the Finnish version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
2018
Background The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a commonly used knee assessment and outcome tool in both clinical work and research. However, it has not been formally translated and validated in Finnish. The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the KOOS questionnaire into Finnish and to determine its validity and reliability among Finnish middle-aged patients with knee injuries. Methods KOOS was translated and culturally adapted from English into Finnish. Subsequently, 59 patients with knee injuries completed the Finnish version of KOOS, Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Numeric Pai…
Measuring patient experiences in Fabry disease: validation of the Fabry-specific Pediatric Health and Pain Questionnaire (FPHPQ)
2012
Abstract Introduction Common symptoms for children with Anderson-Fabry Disease (FD) such as acroparaesthesia and gastrointestinal manifestations can only be objectively assessed in patients using a valid instrument. To date, no such instrument exists. Methods A preliminary 40-item measure of symptoms and experience with FD, the Fabry-specific Paediatric Health and Pain Questionnaire (FPHPQ) was developed, but lacked a formal assessment of its measurement properties. The FPHPQ was used in the Fabry Outcome Survey (FOS), a registry for all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FD who are receiving agalsidase alfa, or are treatment naïve and who are managed by physicians participating in FOS.…
Pronounced cholinergic but only moderate purinergic effects in isolated atrial and ventricular heart muscle from cats.
1989
1 The effects of cholinergic and purinergic stimulation on action potential, force of contraction and 86Rb efflux were investigated in cat atrial and/or ventricular heart muscle. 2 Acetylcholine and carbachol exerted a concentration-dependent negative inotropic effect in cat atrial heart muscle. Carbachol 10 μmol l−1 completely abolished the force of contraction and increased the rate constant of 86Rb efflux 2–3 fold, whereas the action potential duration was shortened to about 1/10 of its length under control conditions. 3 The effects of acetylcholine and carbachol in cat atrial heart muscle were mimicked, qualitatively, by adenosine and its analogues 5′-(N-ethyl)-carboxamido-adenosine (NE…
Botulinum Toxin Type B Blocks Sudomotor Function Effectively: A 6 Month Follow Up
2003
This study analyzes the suppression of sweat gland activity by botulinum toxin type B. We injected botulinum toxin type B (between 2 and 1000 mouse units subcutaneously) in the lateral side of both lower legs in 15 healthy volunteers. Sweat tests were carried out before botulinum toxin type B injections, and at 3 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo. We studied focal anhidrosis by iodine–starch staining and by capacitance hygrometry after carbachol iontophoresis, according to the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART). Iodine starch staining indicated that a threshold dose of 8 mouse units botulinum toxin type B leads to anhidrotic skin spots (>4 cm2) after 3 wk. Duration of anhidrosis was prolonged…
Gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin: Analysis of the mechanism of action
2009
Abstract Aims Recently, flavonoids have been shown to cause murine gastric relaxation. In the present study we examined the mechanism of action underlying gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin in isolated mouse stomach. Main methods The mechanical activity from the whole stomach was detected as changes in the endoluminal pressure and the response to increasing concentrations of both flavonoids were tested before and after different pharmacological treatments. Key findings Apigenin and quercetin-induced a concentration-dependent gastric relaxation, apigenin being more potent than quercetin. The responses were unaffected by 2′5′dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclas…
In vitro tracheal hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic receptor stimulation by carbachol in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
2006
Summary 1 Bleomycin-induced lung injury is widely used as an experimental model to investigate the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis but the alterations in the pharmacological responsiveness of airways isolated from bleomycin-exposed animals has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro tracheal responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation with carbachol in a rat bleomycin model. 2 Concentration–response curves to carbachol (10 nm to 0.1 mm) were obtained in tracheal rings isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats 14 days after endotracheal bleomycin or saline. The intracellular calcium signal in response to carbachol (10 μm) was measured by epifluorescence m…
Effects of papaverine on human isolated bladder muscle
1990
Papaverine is a non-specific smooth muscle relaxant and is thought to act at a site beyond the receptor sites on the cell membrane. In this study the relaxing properties of papaverine were tested in isolated muscle strips from the human bladder dome. In carbachol-induced contractions papaverine, even in high concentrations of 10(-4) mol/l had virtually no effects on peak tension generation, whereas the fading was accelerated and the steady state tension at 30 min. was reduced by about 54%. In contrast, high potassium-induced contractions were relaxed by papaverine in a concentration-dependent way; a concentration of papaverine of 10(-4) mol/l produced full relaxation. These findings might p…
Effect of chronic bladder outlet obstruction on blood flow of the rabbit bladder.
2001
Previous studies have shown that the initial reaction of the rabbit bladder to partial bladder outlet obstruction is increased blood flow at day 1 and a return to baseline blood flow at 1 week. Mucosal and muscle blood flow followed this pattern but mucosal blood flow was always 4 to 5-fold greater. In this study we examined the effect of 4 weeks of outlet obstruction on bladder blood flow and correlated it with the severity of bladder contractile dysfunction.A total of 14 male New Zealand White rabbits underwent partial outlet obstruction creation by standard methods. After 4 weeks the rabbits were anesthetized, and blood flow to the muscle and mucosa was determined by standard fluorescent…