Search results for "Background"
showing 10 items of 556 documents
Measuring the cosmological background of relativistic with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
2003
We show that the first year results of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) constrain very efficiently the energy density in relativistic particles in the Universe. We derive new bounds on additional relativistic degrees of freedom expressed in terms of an excess in the effective number of light neutrinos $\ensuremath{\Delta}{N}_{\mathrm{eff}}.$ Within the flat \ensuremath{\Lambda}CDM scenario, the allowed range is $\ensuremath{\Delta}{N}_{\mathrm{eff}}l6$ (95% confidence level) using WMAP data only, or $\ensuremath{-}2.6l\ensuremath{\Delta}{N}_{\mathrm{eff}}l4$ with the prior ${H}_{0}=72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{\ensure…
Effects of non-standard neutrino-electron interactions on relic neutrino decoupling
2006
We consider the decoupling of neutrinos in the early Universe in presence of non-standard neutral current neutrino-electron interactions (NSI). We first discuss a semi-analytical approach to solve the relevant kinetic equations and then present the results of fully numerical and momentum-dependent calculations, including flavor neutrino oscillations. We present our results in terms of both the effective number of neutrino species (N_eff) and the impact on the abundance of He-4 produced during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We find that, for NSI parameters within the ranges allowed by present laboratory data, non-standard neutrino-electron interactions do not essentially modify the density of rel…
17 keV neutrino in a singlet-triplet majoron model
1991
Abstract We investigate the possibility of a cosmologically safe 17 keV neutrino which may have been observed in the decays of tritium, S 35 , and C 14 within a singlet-triplet majoron model. Consideration of the leptonic decay of K + and X rays associated with the radiative decay of massive relic neutrinos severely constrains the scale of the spontaneous lepton number violation. It is argued that the mass density of relic 17 keV neutrinos is constrained as Ω v ⩽ 0.05 h −1 (0.01/ sin 2 θ ) in view of the observed diffuse X ray background.
Neff versus the lightest neutrino mass
2016
AbstractWithin the framework of low-scale Type I seesaw models with two and three extra sterile neutrinos we evaluate the production of the sterile states in the Early Universe. We explore the full parameter space and find that in the model with two extra states both of them reach thermal equilibrium with the primordial plasma. In the model with three sterile neutrinos, if the lightest active neutrino mass is below O(10−3eV) one sterile neutrino might not thermalize, while the other two always reach thermalization. Applying constrains from both extra radiation at BBN and CMB, and the dark matter allowed abundance, we show that the spectra of heavier states are severely restricted in the mas…
Neutrino masses and cosmology: current bounds and future sensitivities
2005
After a short introduction on the predicted cosmic neutrino background, we review the connection between neutrino masses and cosmology. We show how a combined analysis of data from the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation and from the distribution of cosmological large-scale structure gives a bound on the sum of neutrino masses. We briefly discuss the sensitivity of future cosmological data to neutrino masses.
The response of (95,97)Mo to supernova neutrinos
2011
Knowledge about nuclear responses to neutrinos is essential for both astrophysical applications and studies of neutrino properties. We perform in this paper calculations of the cross sections for neutral-current neutrino scattering off the odd A = 95,97 Mo isotopes for energies appropriate for the detection of supernova neutrinos. Both the incoherent and coherent contributions to the cross sections are evaluated. The prominently contributing nuclear final states are identified and analysed. We employ the microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model (MQPM) to construct the wave functions of the initial and final nuclear states. The response of the aforementioned nuclei to supernova neutrinos are c…
Background radiation effects and hazards in planetary instrumentation
2006
Recent and proposed future planetary missions are becoming increasingly concerned with detailed geochemical assessment, often in a bid to ascertain the presence of water and life supporting geochemical systems. The instruments involved may use some kind of radioactive source, e.g. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Mossbauer spectrometry, neutron scattering. Having radioactive sources on a lander/rover poses various potential problems, in regard to both safety to personnel involved in the building of the instrument and to radiation effects on spacecraft structure and on other instruments. Indeed background radiation effects from one instrument may dominate measurements in another resulting in…
Background in low Earth orbits measured by LEGRI telescope – short and long term variability
1999
Abstract In this paper we present the first Low Energy Gamma Ray Imager (LEGRI) background measurements which were carried out in the earlier nominal operation activities of LEGRI Instrument on board MINISAT-01, after initial spacecraft and instrument check-up procedures. Short term (daily) and expected long term background variability is presented. A background model is also discussed in order to be used for celestial γ-ray emitters observations.
Constraints on massive sterile neutrino species from current and future cosmological data
2011
Sterile massive neutrinos are a natural extension of the Standard Model of elementary particles. The energy density of the extra sterile massive states affects cosmological measurements in an analogous way to that of active neutrino species. We perform here an analysis of current cosmological data and derive bounds on the masses of the active and the sterile neutrino states as well as on the number of sterile states. The so-called (3+2) models with three sub-eV active massive neutrinos plus two sub-eV massive sterile species is well within the 95% CL allowed regions when considering cosmological data only. If the two extra sterile states have thermal abundances at decoupling, Big Bang Nucle…
Neutrino magnetic moments and low-energy solar neutrino-electron scattering experiments
1998
The scattering of solar neutrinos on electrons is sensitive to the neutrino magnetic moments through an interference of electromagnetic and weak amplitudes in the cross section. We show that future low-energy solar neutrino experiments with good angular resolution can be sensitive to the resulting azimuthal asymmetries in event number and should provide useful information on non-standard neutrino properties such as magnetic moments. We compare asymmetries expected at HELLAZ (mainly pp neutrinos) with those at the Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande experiments (Boron neutrinos), both for the case of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos and discuss the advantages of low energies. Potentially interesting…