Search results for "Background"
showing 10 items of 556 documents
Observing – Treating – Classifying: On the Educational Practice of Human Differentiation
2016
Abstract Sociological research often states the reproductive function of educational systems. Thus, students are differentiated according to their cultural capital and their social background. One central dimension of the selection process is the grading performed by teachers. The paper outlines a conceptional framework of dealing with this kind of human differentiation sociologically. It therefore gives insight into the prerequisites provided by the school administration and into the empirical organization of grading – from classroom assessment to teacher meetings where final decisions are taken. Two forms of objectifying students’ performances are presented: a social as well as a numerica…
How does academic achievement come about: cross-cultural and methodological notes
2001
Abstract This chapter discusses the possible impact of cross-national diversity in academic institutions, in the selection of students, in the importance of national achievement tests, and cross-national differences in the variation of social background factors. It ends with the strengths and limitations of using path modeling in cross-sectional research. It is of particular interest to note whether study behaviors mediate the impact of students’ abilities on college success, or whether students’ abilities mediate the effect of study behaviors on achievement. A secondary concern is the extent to which the same causal model applies equally to different universities in different countries.
People Who Run the European Parliament: Staff Demography and Its Implications
2014
AbstractWith few exceptions, parliament administrations, including secretariat officials and party group staff, have been relatively unexplored. However, a small, but growing, literature on the administration of the European Parliament (EP) indicates that officials play a role in the policy process that goes beyond technical and procedural questions. On this background, this article therefore aims at, first, finding out who the people working in the EP secretariat and group secretariats are, and, second, investigating whether it matters who these people are. Based on an online survey, we unveil the bureaucrats’ nationality, gender, educational background and former and future career (plans)…
Multispectral images-based background subtraction using Codebook and deep learning approaches
2020
This dissertation aims to investigate the multispectral images in moving objects detection via background subtraction, both with classical and deep learning-based methods. As an efficient and representative classical algorithm for background subtraction, the traditional Codebook has first been extended to multispectral case. In order to make the algorithm reliable and robust, a self-adaptive mechanism to select optimal parameters has then been proposed. In this frame, new criteria in the matching process are employed and new techniques to build the background model are designed, including box-based Codebook, dynamic Codebook and fusion strategy. The last attempt is to investigate the potent…
Southern-Tyrrhenian seismicity in space-time-magnitude domain
2006
An analysis is conducted on a catalogue containing more than 2000 seismic events occurred in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea between 1988 and October 2002, as an attempt to characterise the main seismogenetic processes active in the area in space, time and magnitude domain by means of the parameters of phenomenological laws. We chose to adopt simple phenomenological models, since the low number of data did not allow to use more complex laws. The two main seismogenetic volumes present in the area were considered for the purpose of this work. The first includes a nearly homogeneous distribution of hypocentres in a NW steeply dipping layer as far as a…
Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment
2018
Arenz, M., et al. “Reduction of Stored-Particle Background by a Magnetic Pulse Method at the KATRIN Experiment.” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 78, no. 9, Sept. 2018. © 2018 The Authors
Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers
2020
The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create a…
Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer
2019
The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $$m_{\overline{\nu }_e}$$ mν¯e with a sensitivity of $${0.2}\,{\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2}$$ 0.2eV/c2 using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the e…
Modelling and Simulation of Ego-Noise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
2020
In this paper, we develop a simulation model for the ego-noise of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The ego-noise is composed of spike noise and background noise. The spike noise is modelled by a finite sum of sinusoids, while the background noise is modelled by a coloured Gaussian stationary process. The main property of our model is that it only depends on physical characteristics of the UAV and it does not need real-time audio inputs to be developed. This model is very useful for training novel noise cancelling algorithms and for evaluating their performance. To validate the proposed model, we compare the statistical properties of the ego-noise simulated using our model with actual ego-no…
Correcting for non-ignorable missingness in smoking trends
2015
Data missing not at random (MNAR) is a major challenge in survey sampling. We propose an approach based on registry data to deal with non-ignorable missingness in health examination surveys. The approach relies on follow-up data available from administrative registers several years after the survey. For illustration we use data on smoking prevalence in Finnish National FINRISK study conducted in 1972-1997. The data consist of measured survey information including missingness indicators, register-based background information and register-based time-to-disease survival data. The parameters of missingness mechanism are estimable with these data although the original survey data are MNAR. The u…