Search results for "Bacteria"
showing 10 items of 4919 documents
Active and secreted IgA-coated bacterial fractions from the human gut reveal an under-represented microbiota core
2013
AbstractHost-associated microbiota varies in distribution depending on the body area inhabited. Gut microbes are known to interact with the human immune system, maintaining gut homoeostasis. Thus, we studied whether secreted-IgA (S-IgA) coat specific microbial taxa without inducing strong immune responses. To do so, we fractionated gut microbiota by flow cytometry. We found that active and S-IgA-coated bacterial fractions were characterized by a higher diversity than those observed in raw faecal suspensions. A long-tail effect was observed in family distribution, revealing that rare bacteria represent up to 20% of total diversity. While Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, the majority …
[Mediterranean spotted fever in paediatric and adult patients: two clinical aspects of the same disease].
2012
Mediterranean Spotted Fever is an acute febrile disease caused by Rickettsia conorii and transmitted to humans by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Nearly 400 cases are reported every year in Sicily, mainly from June to September. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and laboratory features of two different groups of patients , one of adults and one of children. The analysis included all adult patients with MSF diagnosed at the Institute of Infectious Diseases, Paolo Giaccone University Polyclinic in Palermo, during the period January 2007- August 2010 and all the children diagnosed with MSF at the G. Di Cristina Children Hospital in Palermo during the period January …
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Sicily, Italy: what has changed after a decade?
2014
Background We aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates in the province of Palermo, Sicily, Italy, by characterizing 183 isolates identified in the years 2004-2012. A comparison with 104 MTBC strains identified in the same geographic area in the years 1994-2000 was also carried out. Methods One hundred eighty-three MTBC isolates identified in Palermo, Italy, in the years 2004-2012 were analyzed by spoligotyping and the 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU)-variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) method typing. Susceptibility testing to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol was also performed. Furthermore, the…
Symptoms and complications of pertussis in adults
1995
There is increasing evidence that pertussis occurs frequently in adults, but there is limited information on the clinical course of this disease beyond childhood. A household contact study on the efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine was used to study the symptoms of pertussis in adults. Among 257 patients with pertussis identified in 121 families during a two-year period in one study center with a low whole-cell pertussis-vaccine uptake, 79 (30.7%) were adults, aged 19–83 years (mean age: 36 years) with a 1:1.8 male to female ratio. Ninety-one percent of the adults suffered from coughing (mean duration: 54 days), and in 80% this cough lasted ≥ 21 days. Whoops were rare (8%), whereas c…
Specific IgE against Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins: an independent risk factor for asthma.
2012
The role of IgE in patients with severe asthma is not fully understood.We sought to investigate whether IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins might be relevant to disease severity in adult asthmatic patients.Specific IgE antibody concentrations in serum against enterotoxins, grass pollen (GP), and house dust mite allergens and total IgE levels were measured in adult cohorts of 69 control subjects, 152 patients with nonsevere asthma, and 166 patients with severe asthma. Severe asthma was defined as inadequately controlled disease despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus at least 2 other controller therapies, including oral steroids.Enterotoxin IgE positivity was significantly great…
Effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on bacteria and mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract.
2019
Abstract Objective Ear, nose and throat infections are among the most common reasons for absence from work. They are usually caused by various bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) can effectively eliminate even multi-resistant bacteria and has no cytotoxic or mutagenic effects on the mucosa when applied for less than 60 s. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of CAP on common ENT bacteria and on the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Methods The bactericidal effects of CAP against the bacteria most commonly causing ENT infections were investigated using the colony-forming…
Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection and Endocarditis―A Prospective Cohort Study
2015
Equipe CHU UB (EA) Pôle MERS CT3 Hors Enjeu The VIRSTA Study Group : Clinical centres: Besançon: Catherine Chirouze, Elodie Curlier, Cécile Descottes-Genon, Bruno Hoen, Isabelle Patry, Lucie Vettoretti. Dijon: Pascal Chavanet, Jean-Christophe Eicher, Sandrine Gohier-Treuvelot, Marie-Christine Greusard, Catherine Neuwirth, André Péchinot, Lionel Piroth. Lyon: Marie Célard, Catherine Cornu, François Delahaye, Malika Hadid, Pascale Rausch. Montpellier: Audrey Coma, Florence Galtier, Philippe Géraud, Hélène Jean-Pierre, Vincent Le Moing, Catherine Sportouch, Jacques Reynes. Nancy: Nejla Aissa, Thanh Doco- Lecompte, François Goehringer, Nathalie Keil, Lorraine Letranchant, Hepher Malela, Thierry…
Bacteria-specific T-cell clones are selective in their reactivity towards different enterobacteria or H. pylori and increased in inflammatory bowel d…
1996
In the present study the authors investigated the T-cell response to different enterobacteria or Helicobacter pylori and tested the hypothesis that the frequency of bacteria-specific T cells is increased in the intestine of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The analysis of a large panel of T-cell clones (Tc) (n = 888) from peripheral blood, non-inflamed and inflamed intestine from IBD patients and control individuals shows that both peripheral blood and intestinal T-cell clones were selectively stimulated by either Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica 03, Escherichia coli or Helicobacter pylori sonicates,…
Cerebrospinal fluid T-regulatory cells recognize Borrelia burgdorferi NAPA in chronic Lyme borreliosis.
2013
The NapA protein of B. burgdorferi is essential for the persistence of spirochetes in ticks. One of the most intriguing aspects of NapA is its potential to interfere with the host immune system. Here, we investigated the role of the acquired immune responses induced by NapA in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis. We evaluated the cytokine profile induced in microglia cells and CSF T cells following NapA stimulation. We report here that NapA induced a regulatory T (Treg) response in the CSF of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis and it is able to expand this suppressive response by promoting the production of TGF-β and IL-10 by microglia cells. Collect…
Alteration of vancomycin pharmacokinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
2003
The alteration of vancomycin pharmacokinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was studied. Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. Vancomycin (1 g) was intravenously infused one to two hours before surgery. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after CPB. Serum drug concentrations were determined by an automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay and adjusted, with a bayesian analysis, to a bi-compartmental model implemented in a pharmacokinetic system program. Serum creatinine, hematocrit, and plasma proteins were also measured before, during, and after CPB. During CPB, serum creatinine, hematocrit, and plasma protein values all de…