Search results for "Balance"
showing 10 items of 1379 documents
Family influence on firm performance: Finnish publicly held family firm perspective
2011
The study aims at examining the effect of family influence on firm performance. An empirical focus is put on comparison of return on investment of publicly held family and non family firms in Finland. The income statement and balance sheet data of the companies covers the years 2000–2005. The study shows that families are present in 25% of the companies listed on the OMX Helsinki, Finland Stock Exchange. The data indicates that publicly held family firms create close the same value added per employee than non-family firms. According to the results, family firms are less indebted and perform slightly better than non-family firms measured by return on investment. The observations of the study…
Operating lease decision and the impact of capitalization in a bank-oriented country
2016
ABSTRACTThis article explores the reasons why firms engage in operating leases and examines the potential impact of a change in the related accounting rules. We focus on the accounting advantage of off-balance financing, which does not affect the typical accounting-based covenants especially important in bank-oriented countries. However, we also consider other economically based arguments. Using manually collected operating lease data for Spanish listed firms, we use the constructive capitalization method to measure as-if liabilities. The results confirm that not only size and industry affect the decision but that firms closer to breaching their covenants are also more inclined to choose op…
The World Bank's Early Reflections On Development: A Development Institution Or A Bank?
2008
Until the late 1960s, the World Bank presented itself as an institution devoted to making sound and directly productive project loans. Yet, during its early years, discussions took place within the Bank regarding the possibility of issuing different types of loans, namely (i) loans aimed at tackling social issues (‘social loans’), and (ii) loans aimed at providing foreign currency to address disequilibria in the balance of payments (‘impact loans’). This paper brings together historical analysis and theories of organization development to study the housing issue as a case in point. The analysis reveals that the Bank was unwilling to lend for housing programmes not because these were not sou…
STUDY REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF THE FINANCIAL BALANCE IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
2015
Abstract This article aims at analysing the financial balance within the global pharmaceutical industry, starting from the assumption that „In the pharmaceutical industry there is sufficient liquidity to cover payment obligations”. The analysed companies are part of the exclusive group comprising the top 20 global companies, e.g. GlaxoSmithKline, Merck & Co., Sanofi-Aventis and Bayer. The research conducted is based on an analysis over time of the relationship between floating assets, floating assets requirement and net cash from 2006 to 2013, and highlights the main developments of the indicators before the onset of the financial and economic crisis and after its outbreak.
The Global Crisis and Alternative Scenarios to Save the Euro: A Spanish Perspective
2013
That the euro was in trouble became evident after the financial markets' turmoil the summer of 2007. The global financial crisis called into question some of the dogma propounded by the champions of liberal capitalism, such as the efficiency of financial markets. Whereas in the US several banks went bankrupt, in the EU the banking sector was recapitalised, and fiscal measures were taken to support companies and families, and to stimulate the economy; moreover, an institutional framework was set up to improve financial regulation and supervision. The banking and financial crisis was followed, as usual, by a debt crisis. In 2010–11, successive European Summits accelerated the creation of fina…
Heat and work fluxes in thermoelectric coolers
2021
Abstract Thermodynamics considers heat and work as the observables of energy. Then, in a non-equilibrium process, the fluxes of heat, work and energy are related. The expressions for the heat and energy flux densities are well known; although several conventions have been adopted. The work flux density defined from the heat and energy flux densities can be very useful in describing the energy balance when chosen to emphasize observable quantities. This paper discusses the advantages of the use of the conduction heat flux density given by Fourier’s law and a work flux density defined from it. As a case study, heat and work fluxes are evaluated in the elements of a thermoelectric cooler using…
Caries and dental fluorosis in a western Saharan population of refugee children
2008
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental fluorosis and dental caries among western Saharan refugee children. The western Saharan child population is characterized by adverse living conditions, an unbalanced diet, poor oral hygiene habits, and a concentration of fluoride in the drinking water of around 2 p.p.m. (2 mg l(-1)). A sample consisting of 360 children, 6-7 yr of age, and 212 children, 11-13 yr of age, was obtained from four refugee camps (Smara, Awsard, El-Aaiun, and 27-February) situated in the vicinity of Tindouf (southern Algeria). The children were examined using the World Health Organization criteria for caries diagnosis and Dean's index for fluo…
Temporal features of imagined locomotion in normal aging.
2010
Motor imagery is the ability to mentally simulate a movement without executing it. Previous investigations have reported a deterioration of this ability during complex arm movements in aged adults. In the present study, we aimed to extend these findings by investigating the temporal features of imagined precision gait in healthy elderly adults. Locomotion is a unique example of imagined movement because it involves simulated full-body movement and the concurrent updating of environmental spatial information. Nine young and nine older adults actually or mentally walked (walking distance: 5m) along three paths having different widths (15cm, 25cm, and 50cm). The narrowest path required balance…
Demethanization of aqueous anaerobic effluents using a polydimethylsiloxane membrane module: Mass transfer, fouling and feasibility
2017
Abstract The performance, fouling and feasibility of a polydimethylsiloxane hollow fibre membrane module for in situ methane degasification from the effluent of an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed anaerobic reactor has been investigated. Experiments at different operational conditions were carried out (liquid flow, sweep gas flow and vacuum pressure) with maximum removal efficiency (77%) at lowest flow-rate (0.4 L h−1), highest vacuum gauge pressure (−800 mbar) and liquid flowing in lumen side. Mass transport analysis denoted a considerably higher methane transfer than that predicted (attributed to liquid oversaturation). An enhancement factor for liquid phase has been proposed to correlate the…
Supplementary frequency regulation in non-synchronous AC system connected via MTDC
2019
Abstract In smart grid power system operation, frequency regulation is one of the most critical tasks towards power balance in the grid. This paper presents the schemes for improvement in operation of secondary loop of turbine-generator unit for frequency regulation in non-synchronous AC areas connected via multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) network. Two schemes have been discussed; (i) voltage droop based lead/lag compensator and (ii) DC power modulation at converter terminal depending upon frequency deviation from each AC area. In the first scheme, droop design based on lead/lag compensator using DC voltage deviation is introduced as supplementary signal at turbine-generator unit in eac…