Search results for "Bank"

Financial Intermediation in Modern Europe Time: Evidence from Romania

2018

In a world governed by complex financial and economic systems, knowing the process of financial intermediation becomes a must. We face times when the process of financial intermediation seems to change nearly as a natural phenomenon. Financial intermediation stakeholders find constantly new ways to interact on behalf of obtaining funds they need and returns they expect and manage risks they try to avoid. The article’s aim is to take a snapshot of a financial intermediation process that manifests in Europe Modern Era, specifically in one EU member like Romania, in contrast with other two EU member – Bulgaria and Croatia. In the same time, we also outline the relation between financial develo…

Artificial selection for predatory behavior results in dietary niche differentiation in an omnivorous mammal

2021

AbstractThe diet of an individual is a result of the availability of dietary items and the individual’s foraging skills and preferences. Behavioral differences may thus influence diet variation, but the evolvability of diet choice through behavioral evolution has not been studied. We used experimental evolution combined with a field enclosure experiment to test whether behavioral selection leads to dietary divergence. We analysed the individual dietary niche via stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) in the hair of an omnivorous mammal, bank vole, from 4 lines selected for predatory behavior and 4 unselected control lines. Predatory voles had higher hair δ15N values than…

Does risk of predation by mammalian predators affect the spacing behaviour of rodents? Two large-scale experiments.

2000

Predator-prey interactions between small mammals and their avian and mammalian predators have attracted much attention. However, large-scale field experiments examining small-mammal antipredatory responses under the risk of predation by mammals are rare. As recently pointed out, the scale of experiments may cause misleading results in studies of decision-making under predation risk. We studied the effect of small mustelid predators on the spacing behaviour of the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) in two separate field enclosure experiments. The experiments were conducted during the breeding season in North America and northern Europe, where s…

Genotype-by-Environment Interactions and Reliable Signaling of Male Quality in Bank Voles

2014

Predation on two vole species by a shared predator: antipredatory response and prey preference

2008

In prey communities with shared predators, variation in prey vulnerability is a key factor in shaping community dynamics. Conversely, the hunting efficiency of a predator depends on the prey community structure, preferences of the predator and antipredatory behavioural traits of the prey. We studied experimentally, under seminatural field conditions, the preferences of a predator and the antipredatory responses of prey in a system consisting of two Myodes species of voles, the grey-sided vole (M. rufocanus Sund.) and the bank vole (M. glareolus Schreb.), and their specialist predator, the least weasel (Mustela nivalis nivalis L.). To quantify the preference of the weasels, we developed a ne…

Phenotypic Flexibility in the Social Organization of Clethrionomys

1990

I review the flexibility of social organization and spacing behavior in Clethrionomys. This review is based on a 6-year comparative study and several experimental studies on cyclic populations of the bank vole, C. glareolus, in Central Finland. The social organization of Clethrionomys populations shows great flexibility during both the breeding and nonbreeding season, and is dependent on habitat patchiness, food availability, Predation, kinship, philopatry, and familiarity between individuals. The first three factors are most important in destabilizing a population, whereas the last three stabilize a population without exhausting its resources. Female territoriality can weaken in a producti…

A Comparative Study of Phenotypic Changes in Microtus Social Organization

1990

Monogamy, polygyny, and promiscuity have been found in populations of M. oeconomus and M. agrestis in different environmental situations in northern Finland. Thus the mating systems seem to be more variable both between and within species in Microtus than in Clethrionomys. Spacing behavior in Microtus caused a temporary decline in population density in mid-summer, but in Clethrionomys a decline occurred only in the beginning of the breeding season. Habitat quality affected spacing behavior in similar ways in Microtus and Clethrionomys but did not affect differences in breeding limitation. Despite the differences in population regulation, both Clethrionomys and Microtus populations cycle syn…

NILLTPFN prasību izpildes bankās Latvijā iespējas izmantojot ārpakalpojumu, Swedbank AS situācijas izvērtējums

2021

Maģistra darba mērķis ir pamatojoties uz NILLTPFN likuma prasību īstenošanu banku praksē, analizēt un novērtēt Latvijas banku un padziļinātāk Swedbank AS sadarbību ar ārpakalpojumu sniedzējiem, izstrādāt priekšlikumus ārpakalpojuma piesaistes procesa uzlabošanā Swedbank AS un kopumā arī citām Latvijas bankām. Darbā pētīta NILLN prasību ietekme uz ārpakalpojuma piesaisti bankām Latvijā. NILLN pakalpojumu sniedzēju skaits ir ierobežots, ārpakalpojuma piesaiste nav vienkārša. Tēma ir aktuāla, jo bankas Latvijā ir saņēmušas ievērojamus administratīvos sodus par NILLN prasību pārkāpumiem, cieš reputācija. Augstākajās izglītības iestādēs Latvijā netiek piedāvāts apgūt padziļinātāk NILLN. Pētījumā…

Valencia moneda de canvi de la resta d’Espanya i el “mesinfotisme” Valencià. L’últim episodi: el sistema financer valencià

2018

Durant els ultims anys s'ha portat en Espanya la reestructuracio financera de les entitats de credit espanyoles. La major part d'esta reestructuracio s'ha centrat en les caixes. La major part d'elles han desaparegut. Centrant-mos es la Comunitat Valenciana que tenía la tercera i la quarta mes grans en tamany s'ha quedat sense ninguna. Ademes, l'unic banc que tenía s'ha adjudicat per un euro a La Caixa en una inyeccio de capital de 5.500 millons d'euros lo que li ha permes a la caixa catalana passar d'unes perdues de 3.000 millons en 2013, lo que haguera acarrejat l'intervencio pel Banc d'Espanya a uns guanys de 500 millons, salvant d'esta forma la Caixa i el sistema financer catala a costa …

The Consequences of Banking Crises for Public Debt

2010

The aim of this paper is to assess the consequences of banking crises for public debt. Using an unbalanced panel of 154 countries from 1980 to 2006, the paper shows that banking crises are associated with a significant and long-lasting increase in government debt. The effect is a function of the severity of the crisis. In particular, for severe crises, comparable to the most recent one in terms of output losses, banking crises are followed by a medium-term increase of about 37 percentage points in the government gross debt-to-GDP ratio. Measuring the increase in debt in this manner seems more appropriate than some of the measures used in the literature that have provided off-quoted and very…