Search results for "Behavior"
showing 10 items of 13975 documents
The Association Between Video Gaming and Psychological Functioning
2019
Video gaming is an extremely popular leisure-time activity with more than two billion users worldwide (Newzoo, 2017). However, the media as well as professionals have underscored the potential dangers of excessive video gaming. With the present research, we aimed to shed light on the relation between video gaming and gamers’ psychological functioning. Questionnaires on personality and psychological health as well as video gaming habits were administered to 2,734 individuals (2,377 male, 357 female, Mage = 23.06, SDage = 5.91). Results revealed a medium-sized negative correlation between problematic video gaming and psychological functioning with regard to psychological symptoms, affectivity…
Experimental introgression in Drosophila : Asymmetric postzygotic isolation associated with chromosomal inversions and an incompatibility locus on th…
2022
Interspecific gene flow (introgression) is an important source of new genetic variation, but selection against it can reinforce reproductive barriers between interbreeding species. We used an experimental approach to trace the role of chromosomal inversions and incompatibility genes in preventing introgression between two partly sympatric Drosophila virilis group species, D. flavomontana and D. montana. We backcrossed F1 hybrid females from a cross between D. flavomontana female and D. montana male with the males of the parental species for two generations and sequenced pools of parental strains and their reciprocal 2nd generation backcross (BC2mon and BC2fla) females. Contrasting the obser…
Self-reported helping behavior and gender
2016
Tämä tutkielma käsittelee sukupuolieroja auttamiskäyttäytymisessä. Tutkimus toteutettiin englanninkielisellä kyselylomakkeella internetissä. Kyselylomakkeessa vastaajien tuli kertoa sukupuolensa, johon identifioituvat, ikäryhmänsä, vastata kuuteen avoimeen kysymykseen ja kertoa, miten he käyttäytyisivät erilaisissa kuvitteellisissa tilanteissa, joissa heidän läheinen ystävänsä pyysi heiltä apua. Tilanteet liittyivät kuuteen eri teemaan, joiden on tutkittu vaikuttavan eniten ihmisten onnellisuuteen: psyykkinen sekä fyysinen terveys, siviilisääty, raha, työ ja koulu. Lisäksi yhdessä kysymyksessä vastaajien tuli muistella viimeisintä kertaa, jolloin heidän ystävänsä on pyytänyt heiltä apua jos…
Sex-specific genetic differences in endurance swimming of Trinidadian guppies.
2015
Abstract Swim performance is considered a main fitness‐determining trait in many aquatic organisms. Swimming is generally the only way most aquatic prey can escape predation, and swimming capacity is directly linked to food capture, habitat shifts, and reproduction. Therefore, evolutionary studies of swim performance are important to understand adaptation to aquatic environments. Most studies, however, concentrate on the importance of burst‐swim responses to predators, and little is known about its effect on endurance. Even fewer studies associate differences in organism swim capabilities to key gender‐specific responses. In this experiment, we assess the gender‐specific genetic basis of sw…
Do the benefits of polyandry scale with outbreeding?
2015
Lay Summary Mating can be both costly and dangerous. Despite this, females of many species typically mate more than once and with different males. We found that female seed bugs only benefit from mating with more than 1 male if one of her mates was a different species. Females needed only 1 mating with her own species to maximize her fitness. Thus, multiple mating may be adaptive in areas where the 2 species coexist.
Modulation of attention by socio-emotional scenes in children with autism spectrum disorder
2017
Background: Abnormal attentional processes to socially relevant information may underlie social impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To examine how these processes are modulated by the emotional salience of the stimuli, we studied the attentional biases to social scenes (happy, sad, and threatening) in ASD children. Method: An emotional dot-probe task was applied to children (from 6 to 12 years old) with Autism Spectrum Disorder without additional language and/or intellectual impairments (ASD; n=25) and age/sex-matched controls (n=25). Results: ASD children showed an attentional bias toward threatening scenes while typically developing children tended to direct their attention towa…
Cathodal occipital tDCS is unable to modulate the sound induced flash illusion in migraine
2019
Migraine is a highly disabling disease characterized by recurrent pain. Despite an intensive effort, mechanisms of migraine pathophysiology still represent an unsolved issue. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that migraine is characterized by hyperresponsivity or hyperexcitability of sensory cortices, especially the visual cortex. This phenomenon, in turn, may affect multisensory processing. Indeed, migraineurs present with an abnormal, reduced, perception of the Sound-induced Flash Illusion (SiFI), a crossmodal illusion that relies on optimal integration of visual and auditory stimuli by the occipital visual cortex. Decreasing visual cortical excitability with transcrani…
Oxygen parameters of blood: Definitions and symbols
1990
Definitions and symbols for relevant parameters of the oxygen status of arterial blood are recommended. The recommendations are as simple as possible, easy to understand, and devoid of misinterpretations and double meanings. The authors propose no new definitions for limited new methods, no combination of symbols and methods, and no association between definition, symbol and commercial name.
Ultraviolet reflectance of male nuptial colouration in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) from the Pyrenees
2007
Abstract The evolutionary significance of lacertid colourations is relatively unexplored. However, several studies have demonstrated signalling by means of bright green colouration in Swedish Lacerta agilis males during the breeding season. Unfortunately, most of these studies have been based on human colour perception that differs in several ways from that of lizard. An important difference between human and lizard colour vision is the presence of an ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone in lizards. The available evidence suggests that male sand lizards colorations do not reflect UV wavelengths, at least in Swedish populations. However, this study, based on objective (spectrophotometric) measur…
Assortment, but not knowledge of assortment, affects cooperation and individual success in human groups
2017
The success or failure of human collective action often depends on the cooperation tendencies of individuals in groups, and on the information that individuals have about each other's cooperativeness. However, it is unclear whether these two factors have an interactive effect on cooperation dynamics. Using a decision-making experiment, we confirm that groups comprising individuals with higher cooperation tendencies cooperate at a higher level than groups comprising individuals with low cooperation tendencies. Moreover, assorting individuals with similar cooperation tendency together affected behaviour so that the most cooperative individuals tended to cooperate more and the least cooperativ…