Search results for "Bile"
showing 10 items of 2148 documents
Characterization of bile acids and fatty acids from ox bile in oil paintings by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry*1
2004
Characterization of ox bile, traditionally used in painting, is of interest in the fields of archaeometry and conservation and restoration of works of art. Bile acids, fatty acids (F), and cholesterol found in ox bile have been identified using a derivatization method that combines the formation of ethyl esters from the carboxylic groups and the trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxyl groups. This method of analysis is consistent with these others proposed by the authors to analyze drying oils, proteins, and diterpenic resins usually used as binders and varnishes by the painters. Bile acids from binary samples such as animal glue/ox bile, casein/ox bile and Arabic gum/ox bile have been successf…
Compared effects of synthetic and natural bile acid surfactant on xenobiotic absorption. II. Studies with sodium glycocholate to confirm a hypothesis
1994
Abstract The effects of sodium glycocholate (SGC) on the intestinal absorption of drug-related xeriobiotics are investigated, on the basis of previously established absorption/partition relationships. Six phenylalkylcarboxylic acids, closely related to nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs in structure and constituting a true homologous series, were used as test compounds through an in situ rat gut technique, using the whole colon as nonspecialized absorption membrane model. Whereas the synthetic surfactants (i.e., polysorbates and laurylsulphates) at the critical micelle concentration have been shown to disrupt the aqueous boundary layer adjacent to the membrane, SGC does not; in contrast, it…
Chromatographic Efficiency in Micellar Liquid Chromatography: Should it Be Still a Topic of Concern?
2013
Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) was first proposed as an attractive alternative to avoid the use of organic solvents. It was soon apparent that pure micellar solutions yield poor efficiencies. This problem was remediated by the addition of a small amount of an organic solvent. However, the general opinion of the poor peak shape has prevailed as a handicap for MLC, in spite of the fact that the hybrid mode often offers similar or even improved efficiencies (for basic compounds) relative to that attained in the hydro-organic mode. Only the efficiencies for apolar non-ionizable compounds are still clearly inferior. This work describes the type of interactions and polarity changes with org…
Metabolites of the aquatic pollutant diclofenac in fish bile.
2010
The uptake and metabolism of anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was studied by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to DCF intraperitoneally, and via water at concentration of 1.7 μg L(-1). The bile was collected and the formed metabolites were identified. The identification was based on the exact mass determinations by a time-of-flight mass analyzer and on the studies of fragments and fragmentation patterns of precursor ions by an ion trap mass analyzer. The main metabolites found were acyl glucuronides of hydroxylated DCFs. In addition, one ether glucuronide of hydroxylated DCF was found. Also, unmetabolized DCF was detected in the bile. The total bioconcentration factors (BC…
La scelta della disciplina applicabile ai c.dd. "vitalizi impropri". Riflessioni in tema di aleatorietà della rendita vitalizia e di tipicità e atipi…
2015
The essay stems from the current efforts in defining the rules applicable to the alleged 'vitalizi impropri'. The aims are to distance from dogmas and conceptual classifications that are blind to the concrete interests at stake and, as consequence, to debunk some common fallacies (i.e., the utility of traditional theories about mixed contracts; the idea of fungibility, periodicity and hazard as essential parts of typical life annuity).
La realtà multiculturale della scuola: comparazione di processi cognitivi tra studenti italiani e cinesi
2013
Obiettivo primario della ricerca è quello di riflettere sulle questioni riguardanti le Matematiche Elementari in una visione quanto più ampia possibile, alla luce di una scuola sempre più “diversificata”, multiculturale e globalizzata, trattando in maniera diretta non soltanto le problematiche strettamente riferite ai contenuti disciplinari relativi specificatamente al pensiero algebrico e geometrico per la scuola Primaria e Secondaria, ma anche quelli che in molti casi possono definirsi come gli aspetti storico-epistemologici della disciplina discussa in aula con gli allievi. Quale didattica disciplinare nella classe del terzo millennio? Quale formazione matematica? Quali saperi? E quindi.…
VoiP performance analysis in IEEE802.16 networks
2012
WiMAX, as known as IEEE standard 802.16, is a wide range broadband wireless access network which has a significant good support for the quality of service. According to IEEE standard 802.16e WiMAX has support also for mobility. One of the key advantages of the WiMAX network is the possibility to assign QoS parameters as connection based. A good example of traffic type having strict QoS demands is VoIP. VoIP will probably be a killer application in the future's broadband wireless networks because of its cost efficiency compared to circuit switched networks. In this paper, we analyze by extensive simulations how QoS is applied per connection, especially for the VoIP connection.
Qualitative analysis on the driving force behind upcycling practices associated with mobile applications: Circular economy perspective
2022
Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA
URBAN RESILIENCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT: PROPOSALS OF NEW INFRASTRUCTURES FOR URBAN AREAS AND BUILDINGS
2015
La produzione ingente di rifiuti, quale conseguenza di costumi di vita volti allo spreco, rende vulnerabili i sistemi urbani che possono essere sottoposti, in casi emergenziali, a pressioni eccezionali e incontrollate con situazioni prossime al collasso. Un’opportuna e corretta gestione integrata dei rifiuti contribuisce alla resilienza dei sistemi urbani. Perciò si rendono necessarie la pianificazione e la progettazione di nuovi servizi e l’individuazione/integrazione di spazi e dotazioni tecnologiche per incentivare la popolazione a effettuare la raccolta differenziata in modo corretto e costante. Si presentano gli esiti di uno studio svolto in un piccolo centro siciliano. Partendo dalle …
Grandi progetti urbani nel Mediterraneo. Prospettive di ricerca su architettura e città sostenibile
2011
Il tema proposto origina da una ricerca orientata ai fenomeni di rigenerazione urbana e al ruolo dei grandi eventi nella trasformazione della città contemporanea, e si basa specificamente sulla relazione tra grandi progetti e trasformazione urbana nel Mediterraneo. Individuare le diverse fasi della riqualificazione di grandi porzioni di alcune città che si affacciano sul bacino permetterà di delineare il profilo di un fenomeno che si confronta oggi con il dibattito sui grandi progetti urbani e che viene applicato a tale nuova area geografica. Nella maggior parte delle città del Mediterraneo una gran parte del territorio urbano e costiero è disponibile all’introduzione di nuove attività; si …