Search results for "Bile"

Efficient Gas Separation and Transport Mechanism in Rare Hemilabile Metal–Organic Framework

2019

Understanding/visualizing the established interactions between gases and adsorbents is mandatory to implement better performance materials in adsorption/separation processes. Here we report the unique behavior of a rare example of a hemilabile chiral three-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) with an unprecedented qtz-e-type topology, with formula CuII2(S,S)-hismox·5H2O (1) (hismox = bis[(S)-histidine]oxalyl diamide). 1 exhibits a continuous and reversible breathing behavior, based on the hemilability of carboxylate groups from l-histidine. In situ powder (PXRD) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) using synchrotron radiation allowed us to unveil the crystal structures of four …

Electronic functionality of Gd-bisphthalocyanine: Charge carrier concentration, charge mobility, and influence of local magnetic field

2018

Abstract Gadolinium bisphthalocyanine (GdPc2) has been placed among the highest ranked molecular materials considered namely for modern optoelectronic applications including organic solar cells. To improve understanding of the correlation between GdPc2 magnetic properties and its electronic functionality, we experimentally and theoretically studied charge carrier concentration, charge mobility, and influence of local magnetic field on charge carrier transport. For better clearance, all the main studied properties of GdPc2 bisphthalocyanine were compared with Zn phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as a reference material. Conductivity and charge carrier mobility were measured in materials incorporated in …

Insights into localized manipulation of organogel-related microcrystalline spherulite formation

2015

Abstract The formation processes of microcrystalline spherulitic fiber systems related to bile acid amides were determined to include dominant interface-related aspects, the role of which were studied in terms of potential manipulation and increased control over the overall structure of the networks. The nucleation and growth properties and aggregation of two lithocholyl amide derivatives were studied in several organic solvents using thermomicroscopy, as well as thermal control at macroscopic level. Nucleation/crystallization at interfaces was observed to act as the main route for the formation of microcrystalline fibers/solids in six gelator–solvent systems, in which spherulite formation …

Time−Difference Impedance Spectroscopy of Growing Films Containing a Single Mobile Charge Carrier, with Application to Surface Films on Li Electrodes

2000

In this paper we present a new approach to the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data for electrodes covered by passivating surface films that grow in time. The impedance of ...

Advances in Mobile Computing and Communications

2016

Two-component self-assembly with solvent leading to "wet" and microcrystalline organogel fibers

2014

Abstract Hypothesis The microcrystalline fibers of N -(2-aminoethyl)-3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amide 1 provided a useful model system for studying the complex relationship between morphology, experimental parameters, solvent, and the phenomenon of organogelation. The presence of solvents in the solid forms of 1 along with crystallization behavior suggested solvate formation and polymorphic behavior. Experiments Forty solid state- and xerogel samples of 1 formed in organic solvents and in three categories of experimental conditions were analyzed with single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infr…

Partial joint processing with efficient backhauling using particle swarm optimization

2012

In cellular communication systems with frequency reuse factor of one, user terminals (UT) at the cell-edge are prone to intercell interference. Joint processing is one of the coordinated multipoint transmission techniques proposed to mitigate this interference. In the case of centralized joint processing, the channel state information fed back by the users need to be available at the central coordination node for precoding. The precoding weights (with the user data) need to be available at the corresponding base stations to serve the UTs. These increase the backhaul traffic. In this article, partial joint processing (PJP) is considered as a general framework that allows reducing the amount …

Quasi-nash equilibria for non-convex distributed power allocation games in cognitive radios

2013

In this paper, we consider a sensing-based spectrum sharing scenario in cognitive radio networks where the overall objective is to maximize the sum-rate of each cognitive radio user by optimizing jointly both the detection operation based on sensing and the power allocation, taking into account the influence of the sensing accuracy and the interference limitation to the primary users. The resulting optimization problem for each cognitive user is non-convex, thus leading to a non-convex game, which presents a new challenge when analyzing the equilibria of this game where each cognitive user represents a player. In order to deal with the non-convexity of the game, we use a new relaxed equilib…

An Analysis of Bilevel Linear Programming Solving Parameters Based on Factoraggregation Approach

2013

We introduce the notion of factoraggregation,which is a special construction of general aggregation operators, and apply it for an analysis of optimal solution parameters for bilevel linear programming problems. The aggregation observes lower level objective functions considering the classes of equivalence generated by an objective function on the upper level. The proposed method is illustrated with numerical and graphical examples.

A choice of bilevel linear programming solving parameters: factoraggregation approach

2013

Our paper deals with the problem of choosing correct parameters for the bilevel linear program- ming solving algorithm proposed by M. Sakawa and I. Nishizaki. We suggest an approach based on fac- toraggregation, which is a specially designed general aggregation operator. The idea of factoraggregation arises from factorization by the equivalence relation generated by the upper level objective function. We prove several important properties of the factorag- gregation result regarding the analysis of param- eters in order to find an optimal solution for the problem. We illustrate the proposed method with some numerical and graphical examples, in particu- lar we consider a modification of the m…