Search results for "Biocontrol"

Characterization of field isolates of Trichoderma antagonistic against Rhizoctonia solani.

2010

The aim of the present study was to characterize sixteen isolates of Trichoderma originating from a field of sugar beet where disease patches caused by Rhizoctonia solani were observed. Use of both molecular and morphological characteristics gave consistent identification of the isolates. Production of water-soluble and volatile inhibitors, mycoparasitism and induced systemic resistance in plant host were investigated using in vitro and in vivo tests in both sterilized and natural soils. This functional approach revealed the intra-specific diversity as well as biocontrol potential of the different isolates. Different antagonistic mechanisms were evident for different strains. The most antag…

Stability of consumption pattern in two seed eating carabid species

2017

SPEGESTADDOCT INRA; Carabids can eat a substantial amount of seeds of weeds per day and are considered as credible biocontrol agents for the regulation of weeds in arable fields. Carabids species belong to either granivore, omnivore or carnivore trophic guilds and we expected each of these to have specific patterns of weed seed consumption and specific responses to biotic interactions. These differences will impact the total predation rate of a carabid community and may also explain why it is difficult to predict the efficiency of carabid biocontrol service. To test this expectation, we looked at the consumption pattern of two species of carabids species common in arable fields, one known a…

Comparative analysis of PR gene expression in tomato inoculated with virulent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and the biocontrol strain F. oxys…

2008

Non-pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum have the capacity to protect plants against wilt induced by pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum. Among the mechanisms involved in this protection, induced systemic resistance has been demonstrated by using a split-root method. The aim of this study was to follow the accumulation kinetics of transcripts encoding 5 PR proteins in roots and leaves of tomato inoculated with a pathogenic or a protective strain in comparison to non-inoculated control. Moreover quantification of transcripts was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in cell cultures inoculated with the pathogenic or the protective strain. Results showed a lower expression of PR encoding genes in t…

Impact of biostimulants on the resistance induction level of grapevine to downy mildew by elicitors

2018

The protection of vineyards against cryptogamic diseases such as downy mildew is mainly ensured by synthetic fungicides, which cause serious environmental and health problems. The induction of resistance by elicitors could allow to reduce their use. However, even if their efficacy is demonstrated in greenhouse conditions, it remains quite variable in field conditions. Indeed, the efficacy of an elicitor depends on the plant’s ability to respond, or more generally, on the latter’s physiological status. In this context, part of the FUI project IRIS+, the aim of this present work is to evaluate whether biostimulants, through their effect on the plant’s physiology, would be able to increase the…

Sexual Dimorphism in Anthonomus santacruzi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a Biological Control Agent of Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae)

2020

AbstractThere is evident variation in body size amongst Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache, 1924, weevils. The aims of this study were to assess if the variation in body size in A. santacruzi weevils is a result of sexual dimorphism and what features can be used to distinguish males from females. The weevils were collected from field sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa, where they were introduced as biocontrol agents of Solanum mauritianum Scopoli. Body structures and the presence/absence of the tergal notch was examined under an optical stereomicroscope and SEM to assess differences between sexes. The morphometric analysis of the body structures included rostrum length (base–apex and antennal in…

Innovation in bacteriophage-based biocontrol of the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum through irrigation water

2017

Isolation and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Phage vB_LmoH_P61, a Phage With Biocontrol Potential on Different Food Matrices

2020

The high mortality rate associated with Listeria monocytogenes as well as its ability to adapt to the harsh conditions employed in food processing have ensured that this pathogen has become a significant concern in the ready-to-eat food industry. Lytic bacteriophages are viruses that hijack their bacterial host’s metabolic mechanisms as a means to grow and replicate, subsequently leading to host cell death due to lysis. With emerging concerns related to the increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, bacteriophages may act as a suitable biocontrol alternative. This study reports the biological and genomic characterisation of the broad host range Listeria monocytogenes phage vB_Lmo…

Prove preliminari di lotta biologica con Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae nei confronti del Punteruolo rosso

2009

Nell’intento di individuare limitatori biologici naturali di R. ferrugineus è stata valutata la potenziale attività antagonistica di due microrganismi fungini, appartenenti a specie dalle comprovate attitudini entomopatogene nei confronti di differenti stadi asintomatici dell’insetto (larve ed adulti). Più nel dettaglio, è stata saggiata l’efficacia di un ceppo di Beauveria bassiana, isolato da una larva con evidente efflorescenza fungina rinvenuta nel comune di Palermo e di un formulato commerciale a base di Metarhizium anisopliae e di B. bassiana. I saggi di inoculazione artificiale “in vitro” con queste note specie entomopatogene hanno indotto, in alcuni casi, la morte del 90% circa degl…