Search results for "Bioethic"
showing 10 items of 70 documents
Lie Detection: Remarks From Neuroethics
2016
El presente trabajo aborda los aspectos bioéticos derivados de los ya no tan recientes avances en Neurociencia cognitiva; especialmente las implicaciones que la introducción de las pruebas neurocientíficas en el proceso judicial penal, como la conocida técnica de detección de mentiras (prueba P.300) pueden acarrear. Como seguidamente veremos, el creciente desarrollo de la neuroimagen ha avivado la inquietud por la protección de la autonomía individual, la seguridad y la superación de interpretaciones reduccionistas contrarias a la dignidad de las personas. Cuestiones a las que están prestando atención los estudios de neuroética, los cuales, aunque empezaron su recorrido a finales de la déca…
ETHICS AND AGING: FOCUS ON LIVING WILL FOR PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
2017
Today dementia certainly represents a public health priority with a huge global impact on wordwide population. However, clinical and social issues related to dementia have long been marginalized. The actual high prevalence of dementias requires also to face issues from a bioethical perspective, regarding how to deal with demented patient’s disposition. There are currently no specific guidelines on the national territory regarding whether to draw up a living will by a patient with dementia, neither about the informative role of physicians during the progressive story of the disease.
Beneficence and equity: how the covid-19 pandemic exposed our weaknesses in Italy
2020
How did Italy face the issue of allocating beds in Intensive Care Units and ventilators during the COVID-19 outbreak? At the beginning of the epidemic, the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care issued recommendations that sparked a heated debate. Later, the National Bioethics Committee, the ethical advisory board of the Government, has issued a document, which recognizes that the only admissible criterion to employ in a "pandemic emergency triage" is a clinical criterion. The document actually doesn’t address some core ethical issues, leaving many unanswered questions.
Ethics Literacy and "Ethics University": Two Intertwined Models for Public Involvement and Empowerment in Bioethics.
2016
Background Informing lay citizens about complex health-related issues and their related ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA) is one important component of democratic health care/research governance. Public information activities may be especially valuable when they are used in multi-staged processes that also include elements of information and deliberation. Objectives This paper presents a new model for a public involvement activity on ELSA (Ethics University) and evaluation data for a pilot event. Methods The Ethics University is structurally based on the “patient university,” an already established institution in some German medical schools, and the newly developed concept of “ethic…
La Biología Sintética; reto biotecnológico y bioético en las Ciencias de la Vida
2020
[ES] La Biología Sintética supone un reto científico y bioético de futuro, tanto a nivel medioambiental, como también en el mejoramiento humano y de otras especies. Por ello, el trabajo abordará dos aspectos principalmente. La síntesis en el laboratorio de células artificiales para la fabricación de un principio activo farmacéutico y por otra parte la reflexión bioética acerca de la potencialidad de dichas técnicas, advirtiendo la diferencia en los límites de la síntesis de vida y creación de vida. Actualmente, se calcula que hay 1.7 millones de especies conocidas de las 14 millones que se estima en la naturaleza. En los últimos 10 años se han generado más de 3000 patentes de organismos gen…
Bioethical Aspects of Postmortem Imaging
2019
After a general overview of death in current medical-cultural context, this chapter examines the main moral aspects of postmortem imaging (PI). In the current debate the stressed ethical issues are fundamentally the following: (1) the noninvasive character of postmortem imaging that very likely makes the procedure less objectionable to relatives of the deceased; (2) the reliability of the methods that ought to be as effective as traditional autopsy, both when PI precedes and completes or substitutes traditional autopsy; and (3) the cost-benefit analysis, in individual and social terms. The chapter emphasizes the common prerequisite of these ethical aspects, that is, the corpse’s dignity and…
The significance of the concept of sin for bioethics.
2005
After a period during which the theological categories of sin and forgiveness were ignored or trivialized, presently these notions are being rediscovered. What could their impact be on bioethics, either in the narrow sense of medical ethics, or in the more encompassing sense of the ethics of the life sciences? This essay begins with describing the processes of transcending and ethitization, which gave rise to the biblical notion of sin. It portrays the theological foundation of sin in terms of a twofold refusal of proper relations to God and other humans. Through the practise of confession in the face of God (coram deo), sin is placed into a horizon of hope for forgiveness and reconciliatio…
Bioetyki kulturowe w Ameryce Łacińskiej
2017
W artykule została przedstawiona charakterystyka bioetyki łacińskiej, jej korzenie i geneza, rozwój w poszczególnych, wybranych krajach, a także typowa problematyka. Bioetyka łacińska u swych początków jako dyscyplina akademicka czerpała głównie ze Stanów Zjednoczonych. Niewspółmierność problematyki paradygmatów bioetyki zachodniej do realiów krajów łacińskich doprowadziła do przewartościowania i prób wypracowania własnej, swoistej, bardziej adekwatnej bioetyki kulturowej.
Algunas consideraciones bioéticas y jurídicas acerca de la Declaración de Ginebra sobre edición del genoma humano hereditario a la vista de las Decla…
2021
[ES] La reciente Declaración de Ginebra sobre edición del genoma humano denuncia la posición central que han ocupado tanto la Ciencia como la Bioética hasta la fecha, afirmando que ambas mantienen una posición decididamente favorable respecto a esta bioingeniería, y todo lo cual pone de manifiesto la acuciante necesidad de reorientar el debate hacia el campo del Derecho. El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar pormenorizadamente las consideraciones vertidas en este documento, formulando interrogantes sobre algunas de ellas, y poniendo en valor la conveniencia de articular un consenso multidisciplinar encabezado por los derechos humanos, en particular, de aquellos grupos más vulnerabl…
Recommendations for neonatologists and pediatricians working in first level birthing centers on the first communication of genetic disease and malfor…
2021
Abstract Background Genetic diseases are chronic conditions with relevant impact on the lives of patients and their families. In USA and Europe it is estimated a prevalence of 60 million affected subjects, 75% of whom are in developmental age. A significant number of newborns are admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) for reasons different from prematurity, although the prevalence of those with genetic diseases is unknown. It is, then, common for the neonatologist to start a diagnostic process on suspicion of a genetic disease or malformation syndrome, or to make and communicate these diagnoses. Many surveys showed that the degree of parental satisfaction with the methods of c…