Search results for "Bioethic"
showing 10 items of 70 documents
Bioethics and power: Informed consent procedures in post-socialist Latvia
2013
This paper explores two lines of development in the donor consent procedures in post-Soviet Latvia. The paper is based on secondary analysis of interview, focus group discussion data, and media and legal text material collected throughout three previously conducted research projects on organ transplantation, population genome project and xenotransplantation focusing on the historical development of the issues of donor consent across these three fields of medical technologies. The paper argues that the quality of consent depends not as much on political and legal change per se as on the strengthening of the position of both medical specialists and donors, facilitating bonds between the two.
The Vatican Opinion on Gender Theory
2021
This article is a reasoned response to the article by Timothy F. Murphy, recently published in the prestigious journal Bioethics, on the supposed opposition between the views of the Catholic Church and what he calls “contemporary science” in relation to certain anthropological issues linked to the gender perspective. To point to “the Vatican” as anchored in an unscientific and anachronistic position, using the term contemporary science to which he attributes a unanimous representation of current scientific thinking on the subject is, in our view, unfounded and completely unacceptable. In his reflection, he does not adequately distinguish between intersex and transgenderism, two clearly dif…
COVID-19 in Italy. Clinical emergency and bioethical perspectives
2020
Italy is the European country with the second highest number of novel Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) deaths. Several factors interfered with the spread of this phenomenon, both clinical, political, and bioethical. In this scenario, where the need for care goes far beyond the capacity of a health system able to cope with it, what should be the criteria for an equitable distribution of the available resources? The mass quarantine required physical distancing in order to limit the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and contextually created additional problems for the organization Italian National Health Service. The delicate ethical questions p…
Letter to the Editor: Comment on “The Application of Artificial Intelligence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases”
2021
among the forthcoming articles to be published in Hepatology, I noticed the extensive review by Ahn, Connell, Simonetto, Hughes & Shah concerning "The application of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases" [1]. As a bioethicist, I need to raise some concern about the perspective given by this review, which disregards some important issues concerning ethical aspects and patient-physician relationship.
Is it wrong to deliberately conceive or give birth to a child with mental retardation?
2002
This paper discusses the issues of deciding to have a child with mental retardation, and of terminating a pregnancy when the future child is known to have the same disability. I discuss these problems by criticizing a utilitarian argument, namely, that one should act in a way that results in less suffering and less limited opportunity in the world. My argument is that future parents ought to assume a strong responsibility towards the well-being of their prospective children when they decide to reproduce. The moral point in cases in which our acts affect the well-being of future children should be expressed strictly in terms of parents' culpability. Future children thus do not have current m…
What users think about the differences between caffeine and illicit/prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement
2012
Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (CE) is a topic of increasing public awareness. In the scientific literature on student use of CE as a study aid for academic performance enhancement, there are high prevalence rates regarding the use of caffeinated substances (coffee, caffeinated drinks, caffeine tablets) but remarkably lower prevalence rates regarding the use of illicit/prescription stimulants such as amphetamines or methylphenidate. While the literature considers the reasons and mechanisms for these different prevalence rates from a theoretical standpoint, it lacks empirical data to account for healthy students who use both, caffeine and illicit/prescription stimulants, exclusively f…
Theory of Legal Interpretation and Contextualism. Replies to Kristan, Poggi and Vignolo
2012
In this essay I will attempt to answer the critical observations made by Kristan, Poggi and Vignolo of my theory of legal interpretation. I express the opinion that, apart from some gaps and defects to be addressed, my theory can satisfactorily overcome this criticism. In answering these observations, I again stress the fruitfulness of moderate contextualism as a semantical point of reference for legal interpretation, also striving to deepen the notion of “background context”, and to clarify the differences among four types of interpretative disagreements. I also maintain that the most important and problematic issues in interpretative legal practices today are those which express, as in bi…
COLLECTIVE DELIBERATION: A CONTEMPORARY CONTRIBUTION OF BRAZILIAN BIOETHICS TO THE SUS' (UNIFIELD HEALTH SERVICE) PRACTICES
2017
Resumo Este ensaio teve por objetivo analisar a necessidade de nova excelência profissional pautada na deliberação coletiva, debatendo a ética aplicada às questões de saúde nas experiências de Brasil e Espanha. O funcionamento prático dos comitês de bioética na Espanha avança na constituição do método deliberativo como participação coletiva na decisão profissional, discutindo a importância da democracia deliberativa para a construção de nova civilidade ética. No Brasil, após as primeiras décadas de construção do Sistema Único de Saúde, amplia-se o leque de participação dos profissionais, primeiramente nos conselhos de saúde e, com a resolução CNS n. 196/96, também nos comitês de ética em pe…
Recommendations for neonatologists and pediatricians working in first level birthing centers on the first communication of genetic disease and malfor…
2021
Abstract Background Genetic diseases are chronic conditions with relevant impact on the lives of patients and their families. In USA and Europe it is estimated a prevalence of 60 million affected subjects, 75% of whom are in developmental age. A significant number of newborns are admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) for reasons different from prematurity, although the prevalence of those with genetic diseases is unknown. It is, then, common for the neonatologist to start a diagnostic process on suspicion of a genetic disease or malformation syndrome, or to make and communicate these diagnoses. Many surveys showed that the degree of parental satisfaction with the methods of c…
La Biología Sintética; reto biotecnológico y bioético en las Ciencias de la Vida
2020
[ES] La Biología Sintética supone un reto científico y bioético de futuro, tanto a nivel medioambiental, como también en el mejoramiento humano y de otras especies. Por ello, el trabajo abordará dos aspectos principalmente. La síntesis en el laboratorio de células artificiales para la fabricación de un principio activo farmacéutico y por otra parte la reflexión bioética acerca de la potencialidad de dichas técnicas, advirtiendo la diferencia en los límites de la síntesis de vida y creación de vida. Actualmente, se calcula que hay 1.7 millones de especies conocidas de las 14 millones que se estima en la naturaleza. En los últimos 10 años se han generado más de 3000 patentes de organismos gen…