Search results for "Bioethic"
showing 10 items of 70 documents
Why should We Bother? Ethical and Social Issues in Individualized Medicine
2006
Individualized medicine, methodologically rooted in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, is now venturing into clinical application. Prescribing the right drug in the right dose to the right patient according to specific health needs and individual characteristics is a core mission of individualized medicine. The intrinsic values of this mission are so self-evident that--at first glance--the ethical and social issues raised by individualized medicine seem to be negligible. However, the translation of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics into clinical routine not only requires the collection and evaluation of large amounts of individual genetic data, but also heralds the need for further …
Moral Attitudes Toward Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement (PCE): Differences and Similarities Among Germans With and Without PCE Experience
2018
Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE), the use of illicit and/or prescription drugs to increase cognitive performance, has spurred controversial discussion in bioethics. In a semi-structured interview study with 60 German university students and employees, differences and similarities in moral attitudes toward PCE among 30 experienced participants (EPs) vs. 30 inexperienced participants (IPs) were investigated. Substances EPs used most often are methylphenidate, amphetamines, tetrahydrocannabinol and modafinil. Both EPs and IPs addressed topics such as autonomous decision making or issues related to fairness such as equality in test evaluation and distortion of competition. While most…
Apuntes de sociología biojurídica a partir de la edición genética germinal
2020
Objetivo del presente artículo es poner de relieve las contradicciones de la relación entre bioética y bioderecho que, lejos de ser un problema meramente teórico, tiene un impacto real en las reglamentaciones de las innovaciones en el campo de la biomedicina. Con el ánimo de demostrar esa fuerte conexión de la cuestión aparentemente teórica con la praxis, el ensayo, dotado de una metodología inductiva, moverá sus primeros pasos a partir de las técnicas de edición genética germinal. En la primera parte del trabajo se aclararán matices científicos de dichas técnicas y se presentarán los primeros avances de la reglamentación jurídica que tienen su origen en el Consejo de Europa. Finalmente, a …
Per una ricostruzione del concetto di bioetica
2020
By means of a critical investigation of the concept of bioethics starting from Potter’s work, the present essay intends to highlight aporias and paradoxes in the dominant construction in the literature of the sector. The line of argumentation aims to point out that the current concept of bioethics is not able to meet the regulatory expectations that have arisen around it. In the pars construens of the essay I will try to trace the way for a reconstruction of the concept of bioethics, bringing it closer to the origins of Fritz Jahr’s speculation and to the traditional notion of ethics, intended as a reflective science rather than a pragmatic discipline.
Problemas bioéticos en la prestación de los cuidados enfermeros durante la pandemia del COVID-19
2020
Resumen Objetivo principal: Identificar los principales problemas bioéticos suscitados al proporcionar cuidados de enfermería durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura sobre bioética de las pandemias y de las respuestas propuestas por organismos nacionales e internacionales con competencia sobre cuestiones bioéticas. Resultados principales: Se identificaron problemas bioéticos en las siguientes áreas: el autocuidado de la enfermera en un contexto de alta contagiosidad; la priorización en la distribución de recursos insuficientes; y la defensa de los derechos del paciente. Conclusión principal: Si bien se pueden obtener algunas respuestas a los mencionados desaf…
Usos de lo psicosocial en la investigación y tratamiento de las intersexualidades/DSD*
2016
Desde el punto de vista médico, la ‘ambigüedad sexual’ en bebés recién nacidos ha sido catalogada como una urgencia psicosocial, que dispara un protocolo de diagnóstico e intervención —quirúrgica y hormonal— para “fijar” el sexo y “corregir” el cuerpo. Desde perspectivas sociales y críticas, se prefiere hablar de variabilidad sexual, es decir, de cuerpos sexuados que no encajan con las expectativas dualistas de lo que es considerado propio de un cuerpo de hombre o de un cuerpo de mujer, o en los que diferentes componentes del sexo —cromosómico, hormonal, gonadal o anatómico— no son coherentes. En las últimas décadas, ha surgido una fuerte controversia en torno a la intersexualidad y a la ne…
Strange bedfellows: the Bundestag’s free vote on pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) reveals how Germany’s restrictive bioethics legislation is …
2015
Germany’s bioethical legislation presents a puzzle: given structural factors, the country should be at the forefront of reproductive medicine, but its embryology regime remains one of the strictest in Western Europe. Past research has linked this fact to an unusual coalition of Christian and New Left groups, which both draw a connection from modern embryology to eugenics under the Nazis. In this article, the workings of this alleged alliance are demonstrated at the micro-level for the first time. The behaviour of individual MPs in a crucial free vote on pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is modelled using data on their political, sectoral and religious affiliations. Identifying as a …
Lie Detection: Remarks From Neuroethics
2016
El presente trabajo aborda los aspectos bioéticos derivados de los ya no tan recientes avances en Neurociencia cognitiva; especialmente las implicaciones que la introducción de las pruebas neurocientíficas en el proceso judicial penal, como la conocida técnica de detección de mentiras (prueba P.300) pueden acarrear. Como seguidamente veremos, el creciente desarrollo de la neuroimagen ha avivado la inquietud por la protección de la autonomía individual, la seguridad y la superación de interpretaciones reduccionistas contrarias a la dignidad de las personas. Cuestiones a las que están prestando atención los estudios de neuroética, los cuales, aunque empezaron su recorrido a finales de la déca…
International Bioethics Committees: Conditions for a Good Deliberation
2016
One of the most relevant effects of bioethics emergence has been the spread of deliberative bodies on bioethics matters. Their features are very wide, depending upon the entity that creates them, their regional scope, the issues they deal with, the ruling strength of their agreements, etc. Among them, international bioethics committees are particularly relevant due to the huge impact of their work on global public opinion, as well as on the policies approved by governments all around the world. These bodies are presumed to adopt their decisions, as well as the other bioethics committees, after deliberating on facts and values (Gracia 2001).
Bioetica, sacralità della vita e virtù. Osservazioni critiche su un recente libro di M. La Torre
2022
In this paper, some critical remarks on M. La Torre’s book, Bioetica in tempo di pandemia are exposed. These remarks concerns: 1) the justification of paternalism according to La Torre’s liberal account of bioethics. If paternalism is justified then it is open to debate in which sense his proposal can be labelled as “liberal”; 2) what one earns with assuming that in order to solve conflicts of values we should prefer moral specificationism in front of Alexy’s balancing between legal principles. We will show that in arguing for specificationism La Torre tries to avoid the phenomenon of tragic choice, without succeeding; 3) the lack of clarity in depicting the idea of “sacred life”. This idea…