Search results for "Biogeography"
showing 10 items of 310 documents
Global monitoring of soil animal communities using a common methodology.
2022
Here we introduce the Soil BON Foodweb Team, a cross-continental collaborative network that aims to monitor soil animal communities and food webs using consistent methodology at a global scale. Soil animals support vital soil processes via soil structure modification, consumption of dead organic matter, and interactions with microbial and plant communities. Soil animal effects on ecosystem functions have been demonstrated by correlative analyses as well as in laboratory and field experiments, but these studies typically focus on selected animal groups or species at one or few sites with limited variation in environmental conditions. The lack of comprehensive harmonised large-scale soil anim…
Data from: Network analysis by simulated annealing of taxa and islands of Macaronesia (North Atlantic Ocean)
2018
With the aim of explaining the role that taxa and island features have in biogeographical patterns, we processed presence-absence matrices of all the Macaronesian native species of ten different taxa (arthropods, birds, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, mammals, mollusks, pteridophytes, reptiles and spermatophytes) through simulated annealing analysis. Distribution patterns among the archipelagos were pinpointed, along with the different biogeographic roles played by islands and species groups. All the networks analysed resulted to be significantly modular and the structure of biogeographic modules reflects known past connections among the archipelagos and the current drivers of species distribut…
Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation
2022
©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This document is the Published manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in FEMS Microbes. To access the final edited and published work see DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac006 The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied p…
Elucidating geological and biological processes underlying the diversification of Sulawesi tarsiers.
2009
Because of their exceptionally long independent evolution, a range diminution of their Eocene relatives, and a remarkable subsequent diversification in Southeast Asia, tarsiers are of particular importance to evolutionary primatologists. Little is known, however, on the processes shaping the radiation of these small enigmatic primates—especially on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, their center of endemism. Geological reconstructions and progress in applying DNA sequence information to divergence dating now provide us with the tools and background to comprehend tarsier dispersal. Here, we describe effects of plate-tectonic movements, Pleistocene sea level changes, and hybridization on the…
Taxonomic review of the
2017
Abstract Two new species of the genus Fulvius Stål are described from the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. A taxonomic review of representatives of the F.bifenestratus species group, illustrations of the male genitalia, a color habitus image of each species, and a key to species of the group are provided.
Diversity, ecology and biogeography of Antarctic benthic hydrozoans: the Weddell Sea and the Scotia Arc as study cases
2017
Introducció: Les comunitats bentòniques que es desenvolupen a les aigües antàrtiques són altament singulars com a resultat d’un ambient relativament estable i aïllat. Tal aïllament és degut, entre altres factors, a la presència de la convergència Antàrtica, una forta barrera (o filtre) de temperatura i salinitat, que circumscriu de forma efectiva un dels ecosistemes marins més discrets i isolats geogràficament. Els factors abans esmentats han jugat un paper important en el desenvolupament d'un dels ecosistemes més rics del món pel que respecta a diversitat de fauna marina sèssil. Així doncs, la plataforma Antàrtica, més profunda que qualsevol altra plataforma continental, està constituïda p…
Mitochondrial sequence analysis of Salamandra taxa suggests old splits of major lineages and postglacial recolonizations of Central Europe from disti…
2000
Representatives of the genus Salamandra occur in Europe, Northern Africa and the Near East. Many local variants are known but species and subspecies status of these is still a matter of dispute. We have analysed samples from locations covering the whole expansion range of Salamandra by sequence analysis of mitochondrial D-loop regions. In addition, we have calibrated the rate of divergence of the D-loop on the basis of geologically dated splits of the closely related genus Euproctus. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences suggests that six major monophyletic groups exist (S. salamandra, S. algira, S. infraimmaculata, S. corsica, S. atra and S. lanzai) which have split between 5 and 13 milli…
Molecular and biometric data on Carabus (Macrothorax) morbillosus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Mid Mediterranean areas
2022
The present study was carried out using molecular and biometric data of Carabus (Macrothorax) morbillosus from mid-Mediterranean areas to determine additional information on basal relationships among its representative subspecies. To this aim, two different kinds of approach were employed, including a morphometric analysis of four morphological parameters (i.e., elytra length, elytra width, pronotum length, pronotum width) of 128 specimens, and a Bayesian genetic analysis of 44 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) partial sequences (i.e., 38 examined for the first time and six retrieved from GenBank database). Representative populations of C. (M.) morbillosus were sampled in four countries, n…
Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation
2021
AbstractThe oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied per individual and is assumed to represent the entire oral cavity. However, it is not known if this sampling strategy introduces biases into studies of the ancient oral microbiome. Here, we present the results of a shotgun metagenomic study of a dense sampling of dental calculus from four Chalcolithic i…
New occurrence of the Ordovician eocrinoid Cardiocystites: Palaeogeographical and palaeoecological implications
2007
10 pages; International audience; Flattened eocrinoids are very rare in the fossil record, notably because of their fragility. Recent investigations in the Anti−Atlas (Morocco) have provided one of the oldest known specimens of Cardiocystites from the Upper Ordovician (early–middle Sandbian). This discovery increases the number of eocrinoid genera known in Morocco. This new material is the fifth published specimen of the genus Cardiocystites. It is well preserved, thus allowing morphological details, such as the location of the anal pyramid and the plane of thecal flattening, to be observed. Palaeoecological reconstruction can be deduced or confirmed from these new details. The respiration …