Search results for "Bioinformatics"
showing 10 items of 1632 documents
Novel therapeutic options and drug targets in MS
2013
2012 witnessed important developments for multiple sclerosis, including successful phase III trials of novel oral therapeutics and identification of the potassium channel KIR4.1 as an autoimmune target. Additionally, the lung was highlighted as an important site for immune-cell programming, and the relevance of a TNF receptor variant was clarified.
Pharmacogenomics in colorectal carcinomas: Future perspectives in personalized therapy
2005
The recent introduction of new drugs such as capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatinum has greatly improved the clinical outcome of patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, some patients may suffer from the adverse drug reactions which will probably be the main cause of chemotherapy failure. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to find correlations between therapeutic responses to drugs and the genetic profiles of patients; the different responses to a particular drug are due, in fact, not only to the specific clinico-pathological features of the patient or to environmental factors, but also to the ethnic origins and the particular individual's genetic profile. Genes …
Impact of microRNAs in Resistance to Chemotherapy and Novel Targeted Agents in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
2014
Despite recent advances in understanding the cancer signaling pathways and in developing new therapeutic strategies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows grim prognosis and high incidence of recurrence. Insufficient dis- ruption of oncogenic signaling and drug resistance are the most common causes of tumor recurrence. Drug resistance, in- trinsic or acquired, represents a main obstacle in NSCLC therapeutics by limiting the efficacy both of conventional che- motherapeutic compounds and new targeted agents. Therefore, novel and more innovative approaches are required for treatment of this tumor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by sequ…
Inclisiran: a small interfering RNA strategy targeting PCSK9 to treat hypercholesterolemia
2022
Introduction: Inclisiran is a novel posttranscriptional gene silencing therapy that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) synthesis by RNA interference and has a potent, dose-dependent, durable effect in lowering LDL-C, and therefore is an effective drug to treat dyslipidemia, reducing the risk for acute cardiovascular (CV) events. It is safe and well-tolerated. Areas covered: This paper aims to review the mechanism of action of inclisiran while evaluating its efficacy and safety in the treatment of dyslipidemia from data of the clinical trials in the ORION program. Expert opinion: Data from the clinical trials in the ORION program demonstrated efficacy and safety o…
An overview of statin-induced myopathy and perspectives for the future
2020
Introduction: Statins remain the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drug class for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Their well-recognized side effects are known as statin-associated muscle symptom (SAMS). Some advances in this field have been made in recent years, but the understanding of the mechanisms has lagged. Investigating the specific role of the anti-HMGCR autoantibody, pharmacokinetic genetic variants, characterization of the known phenotypes of statin toxicity, in relation to clinical markers of disease, is of high importance. Areas covered: We summarized currently available findings (on PubMed) related to SAMS and discussed the therapeutic approaches,…
Drugs and the Colon
1983
It is not our intention to review drug effects in the colon, which was done extensively and profoundly by Forth and Rummel1 and Powell.2 Our contribution will present studies of drug effects on physiological absorption and secretion processes obtained in the intact human colon and based on results of intestinal perfusion studies of the whole colon and measurements of transepithelial electrical potential difference (PD) in the rectosigmoid colon. These are at present the practiced and—regarding perfusion studies—most accurate techniques in the hands of clinicians to directly study drug effects on a local dose-response scale in the intact human colon. Since these methods are relatively new an…
Interacciones farmacológicas de los fármacos antihipertensivos
2005
A drug interaction is the quantitative or qualitative modification of the effect of a drug by the simultaneous or successive administration of a different one. Hypertensive patients, mainly the more elderly ones, frequently present concomitant diseases that require the administration of several medicines which facilitates the appearance of interactions. The lack of effectiveness of the antihypertensive treatment is a relatively frequent fact that sometimes is due to interactions of antihypertensive drugs with other treatments. It is difficult to determine the incidence of interactions, but it is related to the number of drugs administered simultaneously. Between 37 and 60% of hospital-admis…
The Effectiveness of Vitamin E Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease
2019
Vitamin E was proposed as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease many years ago. However, the effectiveness of the drug is not clear. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and neuroprotector and it has anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic properties, driving to its importance for brain health. Moreover, the levels of vitamin E in Alzheimer’s disease patients are lower than in non-demented controls. Thus, vitamin E could be a good candidate to have beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s. However, evidence is consistent with a limited effectiveness of vitamin E in slowing progression of dementia; the information is mixed and inconclusive. The question is why does vitamin E fail to tre…
In vivo strategies for drug discovery in myotonic dystrophy disorders.
2013
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a complex neuromuscular genetic disease for which there is currently no valid therapy. The recent development of non-mammal animal models opened up the possibility of performing drug discovery in vivo, using as screening readout phenotypes with underlying molecular parallels to the disease. In this review we discuss the state of the art technologies already used in large scale drug screening and provide guidance for further development of novel technologies.
Does Metformin Modulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
2021
Metformin is an effective drug against type 2 diabetes (T2D), a pathogenesis in which mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main players. Thus, our first aim was to describe the effect of metform...