Search results for "Biomarqueurs"

Involvment of docosanoïc acid (C22=0), and of very long chain fatty acids (tetracosanoïc acid (C24=0), hexacosanoïc acid (C26=0) in Alzheimer's disea…

2013

In the brain and in the plasma of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), marked accumulation of C22:0 and of very long chain fatty acids (C24:0 ; C26:0) have been reported. Important decreases of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) have also been described as well as quantitative and qualitative modifications of plasmalogens. Altogether, these lipid modifications suggest an implication of peroxisomal metabolism disorders in the physiopathology of AD. Therefore, the biological activities of C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 have been studied on human neuronal cells SK-N-BE. On these cells, the lipotoxicity of fatty acids (C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0) leads to various cellular modifications: topographical…

Sur la piste des matériaux organiques grâce à la spectrométrie de masse

2018

Identifying the organic materials present, establishing their origin and degree of preservation, understanding their manufacturing process and their use, all of which require interdisciplinary studies involving closely specialists in materials and human sciences. In this very specific context, mass spectrometry has become a key tool to improve knowledge of past civilizations but also to better preserve and restore the discrete remains of archaeomaterials. The identification of diagnostic molecular markers of natural substances is now a recognized strategy for characterizing amorphous organic materials (fats, beeswaxes, vegetable substances such as resins and tars). New advances have also ma…

Dépistage du cancer du sein : en route vers le futur

2016

Breast cancer remains a potentially lethal disease, which requires aggressive treatments and is associated with long-term consequences. Its prognosis is linked to both tumor biology and burden at diagnosis. Although treatments have allowed important improvements in prognosis over the past 20 years, breast cancer screening remains necessary. Mammographic screening allows earlier stage diagnoses and a decrease of breast cancer specific mortality. However, breast cancer screening modalities should be revised with the objective to address demonstrated limitations of mammographic screening (limited benefit, imperfect sensitivity and specificity, overdiagnoses, radiation-induced morbidity). Furth…

Identification of predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with advanced non-small cell cancer.

2019

The recent introduction of immunotherapy has disrupted the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nivolumab, an antibody targeting the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1, has shown remarkable results in seconde-line setting after failure of standard first-line chemotherapy. However, only a quarter of patients benefits from this therapy. To date, no predictive biomarker of the therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab has been identified in a clear and consensual manner. The research for predictive biomarkers of efficacy or resistance to this treatment is, therefore, a major challenge.The emergence of high-throughput sequencing over the past decade has had a significant impact on clinical a…

Nouvelles stratégies innovantes en immunothérapie

2018

Resume Les progres recents de l’immunotherapie en oncologie avec le developpement des anticorps anti-PD1/PD-L1 revolutionnent la prise en charge oncologique. L’immuno-oncologie se developpe ainsi dans la plupart des types histologiques de cancer. Malgre tout, l’utilisation des anticorps anti-PD1/PD-L1 en monotherapie est limitee par une reponse restreinte a une sous-population de malades representant environ 25-30 % des patients dans la plupart des indications. Le developpement de nouvelles strategies se base sur cette observation. Ainsi on note le developpement de differentes strategies ayant pour objectifs de mieux selectionner les malades ou de combiner les checkpoints inhibiteurs avec d…

Projet SALAMANDER : Biomarqueurs salivaires du régime méditerranéen associés à une protection au long terme contre le diabète de type 2

2017

Evaluation of proton MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla without endorectal coil in patients with a localized prostate cancer treated with exclusive radiother…

2011

Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumour affecting the male population. When the prostate is not removed and is treated with radiation therapy, PSA slowly decreases over time to reach its nadir, even sometimes 18 to 24 months after the completion of radiation therapy without combined androgen suppression therapy. When combined with hormones, PSA falls abruptely with no possibility to perceive the impact of either hormones or radiation effects on PSA.The optimal value of PSA that should be reached after radiation therapy (nadir) and time to this nadir are still unclear.Even when a satisfactory value of the PSA nadir is reached, on-going variations of the PSA and its “bounce” effects, whic…