Search results for "Biomassa"
showing 10 items of 99 documents
Förgasning av biomassa till värme, elektricitet och biobränslen : publikation för HighBio-projektet
2011
Methane and hydrogen production from crop biomass through anaerobic digestion
2011
Icon Recognition and Usability for Requirements Engineering
2014
When we introduce icon-based language into the context of requirements engineering, we must take into account that what users perceive as recognizable and usable depends on their background. In this paper, we argue that it is not possible to provide a single set of visual notations that appeal to all of stakeholders. Instead, we suggest an adaptable preference framework, which generates personalized notations that correspond to personal background. We present and evaluate icon-based language: a new kind of approach to requirements engineering work to explore its possibility and usability. In an initial evaluation of students residing in Finland, results reveal that users are able to recogni…
Context-sensitive framework for visual analytics in energy production from biomass
2014
Data masses require a lot of data processing. Data mining is the traditional way to convert data into knowledge. In visual analytics, humans are integrated into the process as there is continuous interaction between the analyst and the analysis software. Data mining methods can be utilized also in visual analytics where the priority is given to the visualization of the information and to dimension reduction. However, the provided data is not always enough. There is a large amount of background contextual information, which should be included into the automated process. This paper describes a context-sensitive approach, in which we utilize visual analytics by studying all phases in the proce…
I galligeni dell'Eucalitto da biomassa: dannosità e prospettive di controllo biologico.
2007
Valorization potential of technical lignins from Norway spruce (Picea abies) via pyrolysis
2022
Analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) on mg-scale of Norway spruce (Picea abies)-derived kraft lignin, ethanosolv lignin, and dried lignin-rich soda-anthraquinone (AQ) black liquors was studied at 500 °C to compare the valorization potential of these materials, focusing on the type and yield of condensable pyrolysis products. Of particular interest was the relatively selective formation of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) from the dried soda-AQ black liquors in contrast to the formation of complex phenolic product mixtures from the pyrolysis of the kraft and ethanosolv lignins. It was shown that this finding could be attributed to differences in composition and structure as was assessed by various NMR …
Advanced biorefinery concepts related to non-wood feedstocks
2018
Agricultural residues, such as wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), okra stalk (Abelmoschus esculentus), and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus, a hybrid of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus) were investigated to assess their possible consumption for integrated lignocellulosic biorefining. The efficient fractionation and recovery of all important chemical components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) of such feedstocks are a prerequisite for realistic biorefinery concepts. Water is one of the most eco-friendly solvents with the highest potential for industrial use, and it is also suitable for full-scale biorefinery purposes. For example, under pressure at elevated temperatures over 1…
Activated carbon from hydrolysis lignin: Effect of activation method on carbon properties
2022
This study presents the effects of different activation methods to produce activated carbon from the hydrolysis lignin. Pretreatment of the feedstock with common mineral acids (HCL, HNO3, and H3PO4), different steam rates for physical activation, and different chemical activating agents (ZnCl2, Na2CO3, and KOH) for chemical activation were investigated. The pretreated biomass was carbonized and activated in one-stage process and the surface characteristics, such as total pore volume, pore size distribution and specific surface area, were investigated. The results showed that the activated carbon surface properties were not greatly affected by acid pretreatment. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) …
Rapid one-step solvent-free acid-catalyzed mechanical depolymerization of pine sawdust to high-yield water-soluble sugars
2017
Abstract One-step absolute solvent-free acid-catalyzed mechanical depolymerization of pine sawdust (PSD) and commercially available α-cellulose to water-soluble sugars was carried out using ball milling. For comparison purposes, the commonly reported “solvent-free” mechanocatalytic depolymerization of lignocellulose method, which normally involves three steps (acid impregnation in solvent, vacuum drying, and mechanical depolymerization of lignocellulose), was performed. The 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method was used to measure the total reducing sugar (TRS) of the obtained sugar solution, and major monosaccharides in the solution were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE). More th…
Lignin-based activated carbon-supported metal oxide catalysts in lactic acid production from glucose
2021
In this study, heterogeneous biomass-based activated carbon-supported metal oxide catalysts were prepared and tested for lactic acid production from glucose in aqueous solution. Activated carbons were produced from hydrolysis lignin by chemical (ZnCl2) or steam activation and modified with a nitric acid treatment and Sn, Al, and Cr chlorides to obtain carbon-based metal oxide catalysts. The modification of the carbon support by nitric acid treatment together with Sn and Al oxides led to an increase in lactic acid yield. The highest lactic acid yield (42%) was obtained after 20 minutes at 180 °C with the Sn/Al (5/2.5 wt.%) catalyst on steam-activated carbon treated by nitric acid. Reusabilit…