Search results for "Biot"
showing 10 items of 8384 documents
Optimization of fermentation parameters with magnetically immobilized Bacillus natto on Ginkgo seeds and evaluation of bioactivity and safety
2018
Abstract In this study, magnetically immobilized Bacillus natto fermentation approach was developed on Ginkgo seeds. Some parameters potentially influencing the fibrinolytic activity of fermented Ginkgo seeds were systematically investigated and optimized by Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs, and the optimum fermentation conditions obtained were 60 mesh particle size, 150 rpm stirring rate, fermentation pH 6.5, 43.0 h fermentation time, 36.4 °C temperature, 16.4 mL/g liquid-solid ratio and 1.0 g/g beads-solid ratio. After fermentation, the satisfactory fibrinolytic activity of Ginkgo seeds was 3175 ± 43 IU/g. The total flavonoid contents were reached to 2.6 ± 0.2 mg rutin equivalent/g…
In vitro colonic fermentation of a plant sterol-enriched beverage in a dynamic-colonic gastrointestinal digester
2021
Abstract The impact of a plant sterol-enriched beverage on the sterol metabolism, organic acid production and microbiota composition was evaluated by means of a dynamic gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation model. After one week of fermentation, an absence of sterol metabolites was reported, in accordance with the lack of microbiota related to their metabolism. Although total organic acid content was lower in the ascending colon (AC) compared to the transversal (TC) and descending colon (DC) (28–57 mmol/L vs. 55-87 and 44–64 mmol/L, respectively), its increments, with respect to the initial value, were higher (2-fold vs. 1.6- and 1.5-fold). Increments of acetate, butyrate and propionate…
Antifungal activity and shelf life extension of loaf bread produced with sourdough fermented by Lactobacillus strains
2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate a water‐soluble extract from sourdoughs fermented with the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for antifungal reflect on loaf bread. The extracts produced by Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 749 and L. bulgaricus CECT 4005 were effective against strains of Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp., with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 1.6 to 200 mg/ml and minimum fungicidal concentration from 1.6 to 400 mg/ml. LC‐ESI‐MS‐TOF was used to analyze the antimicrobial compounds. Several antimicrobial phenolic acids were found. Fermented sourdoughs used for the production of loaf bread produced a reduction of fungal growth in relation on the …
Triterpene saponins of the root bark of Olax obtusifolia De Wild
2018
Abstract Four undescribed triterpenoid saponins together with five known and oleanolic acid were isolated from root bark of Olax obtusifolia De Wild. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, in combination with mass spectrometry as 3-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- d -glucuronopyranosyloleanolic acid, 3-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- d -glucuronopyranosyloleanolic acid 28-O-β- d -glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β- d -glucuronopyranosyloleanolic acid and 3-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- d -glucopyranos…
Quality Characteristics of Wholemeal Flour and Bread from Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L subsp. durum Desf.) after Field Treatment with Plant Water…
2016
The use of selected plant water extracts to control pests and weeds is gaining growing attention in organic and sustainable agriculture, but the effects that such extracts may exert on the quality aspects of durum wheat are still unexplored. In 2014, 5 plant water extracts (Artemisia arborescens, Euphorbia characias, Rhus coriaria, Thymus vulgaris, Lantana camara) were prepared and distributed on durum wheat cv Valbelice to evaluate their potential herbicidal effects. After crop harvesting, the major physicochemical and technological parameters of wholemeal flours obtained from each treatment were measured and compared with those from chemical weeding and untreated controls. A baking test w…
Resource availability and competition shape the evolution of survival and growth ability in a bacterial community
2013
Resource availability is one of the main factors determining the ecological dynamics of populations or species. Fluctuations in resource availability can increase or decrease the intensity of resource competition. Resource availability and competition can also cause evolutionary changes in life-history traits. We studied how community structure and resource fluctuations affect the evolution of fitness related traits using a two-species bacterial model system. Replicated populations of Serratia marcescens (copiotroph) and Novosophingobium capsulatum (oligotroph) were reared alone or together in environments with intergenerational, pulsed resource renewal. The comparison of ancestral and evol…
Avian predation on a parasitic fly of cervids during winter: can host-related cues increase the predation risk?
2012
The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) is an ectoparasitic fly on cervids that has expanded its distribution rapidly in Northern Europe. However, the regulating biotic factors such as predation remain unknown. The host-independent pupal stage of the fly lasts for several months. Blackish pupae are visible against snow, especially on the bedding sites of hosts, and are thus exposed to predators. To evaluate the role of predation on the invasion dynamics and evolution of L. cervi, we monitored pupal predation on artificial bedding sites in three geographical areas in Finland during winter. We explored: (1) possible predators; (2) magnitude of predation; and (3) whether predation risk is affected by h…
Modelling binary mixtures of herbicides in populations resistant to one of the components: evaluation for resistance management
2008
BACKGROUND: Herbicide mixtures are commonly proposed to delay the selection of herbicide resistance in susceptible populations (called the SM strategy). However, in practice, herbicide mixtures are often used when resistance to one of the two active ingredients has already been detected in the targeted population (called the RM strategy). It is doubtful whether such a practice can select against resistance, as the corresponding selection pressure is still exerted. As a consequence, the effect of mixtures on the evolution of an already detected resistance to one of the herbicides in the combination remains largely unexplored. In the present work, a simple model was developed to explore furth…
Potential of Propolis Extract as a Natural Antioxidant and Antimicrobial in Gelatin Films Applied to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets
2020
Usage of edible films and coatings alone or incorporated with natural extracts are a new approach to preservation and packaging of food. In this study, therefore, the microbiological, chemical quality, and sensorial changes of rainbow trout fillets coated with gelatin films supplemented with propolis extract (PE) (2, 8, 16%), as a source of polyphenols, were determined during 15 days of refrigerated storage (4 ±
A global analysis of complexity–biodiversity relationships on marine artificial structures
2020
Aim Topographic complexity is widely accepted as a key driver of biodiversity, but at the patch‐scale, complexity–biodiversity relationships may vary spatially and temporally according to the environmental stressors complexity mitigates, and the species richness and identity of potential colonists. Using a manipulative experiment, we assessed spatial variation in patch‐scale effects of complexity on intertidal biodiversity. Location 27 sites within 14 estuaries/bays distributed globally. Time period 2015–2017. Major taxa studied Functional groups of algae, sessile and mobile invertebrates. Methods Concrete tiles of differing complexity (flat; 2.5‐cm or 5‐cm complex) were affixed at low–high…