Search results for "Biota"
showing 10 items of 679 documents
Effect of 30 days of ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts on athletes' gut microbiome composition.
2022
BackgroundRecent research suggest that gut microbiome may play a fundamental role in athlete's health and performance. Interestingly, nutrition can affect athletic performance by influencing the gut microbiome composition. Among different dietary patterns, ketogenic diet represents an efficient nutritional approach to get adequate body composition in athletes, however, some concerns have been raised about its potential detrimental effect on gut microbiome. To the best of our knowledge, only one study investigated the effect of ketogenic diet on the gut microbiome in athletes (elite race walkers), whilst no studies are available in a model of mixed endurance/power sport such as soccer. This …
Mikrobioloģisko augu mēslošanas līdzekļu ietekme uz augsnes mikrobiotu un Vicia faba ražību
2018
Lauka pupa (Vicia faba) ir plaši audzēts kultūraugs, kuru izmanto pārtikā, lauksaimniecībā un lopkopībā. Ražas paaugstināšanai izmantoto mēslojumu sastāvs var ietekmēt ne tikai ražas apjomu, bet arī augsnes mikrobiotu. Šajā darbā aplūkots, kā mēslošanas līdzekļi ietekmē augsnes mikrobiotu, novērtējot mikroorganismu daudzuma izmaiņas, un lauka pupas ražību, novērtējot augšanu un iegūtās sēklas parametrus, piem., daudzumu, proteīna saturu. Iegūtie rezultāti uzrāda sēņu daudzuma augsnē atkarību no mēslošanas līdzekļiem. Savukārt uz baktēriju daudzumu nav novērojama būtiska mēslošanas līdzekļu ietekme. Mēslošanas līdzekļiem ir liela nozīme lauka pupas attīstībā un ražā, tomēr to ietekmē arī aug…
Silent rain: does the atmosphere-mediated connectivity between microbiomes influence bacterial evolutionary rates?
2020
ABSTRACT Air carries a vast number of bacteria and viruses over great distances all the time. This leads to continuous introduction of foreign genetic material to local, established microbial communities. In this perspective, I ask whether this silent rain may have a slowing effect on the overall evolutionary rates in the microbial biosphere. Arguably, the greater the genetic divergence between gene ‘donors’ and ‘recipients’, the greater the chance that the gene product has a deleterious epistatic interaction with other gene products in its genetic environment. This is due to the long-term absence of check for mutual compatibility. As such, if an organism is extensively different from other…
Anaerobās mikrobiotas kultivēšana un analīze, pielietojot zarnas uz čipa bez PDMS polimēra
2022
Ir pierādīts, ka zarnu mikrobiota korelē ar vēža attīstību, kas iespējams notiek pateicoties baktēriju ārpusšūnu vezikulām (BEV). Taču šobrīd cilvēka mikrobiotas komunikācijas mehānismu izpēta ar saimniekorganimsa šūnām ir komplicēta. Kā viena no perspektīvākām in vitro testa sistēmām šo metožu petīšanai ir zarnas uz čipa (GOC) modeļsistēmas. Līdz ar to šī darba mērķis ir izveidot GOC modeli, kas ļautu kultivēt anaerobu cilvēka zarnu mikrobiotu izdalītu no fēču parauga. Darba laikā tika izveidots inovatīvs GOC modelis, lai kultivētu un analizētu cilvēka anaerobu mikrobiotu un to BEV. Pēc rezultātiem tika secināts, ka ir izdevies izdalīt anaerobu mikrobiotu un ka jaunizveidotie GOC ir pielie…
Pyrosequencing survey of intestinal microbiota diversity in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed functional diets.
2014
The routine use of chemotherapy to control bacterial diseases in aquatic populations has resulted in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. The inclusion of immunostimulants in fish diets (functional diets) is one of the main strategies to solve this threat. This study aimed to analyse the intestinal microbiota of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed two functional diets applying pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Quality-filtered reads were assigned to family and genus taxonomic levels using the Ribosomal Database Project classifier. The autochthonous intestinal microbiota of sea bass consisted of two dominant bacterial genera: Dysgonomonas (Bacte…
Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities
2020
Abstract Dietary polyphenols have been widely investigated as antidiabetic agents in cell, animals, human study, and clinical trial. The number of publication (Indexed by Web of Science) on “polyphenols and diabetes” significantly increased since 2010. This review highlights the advances and opportunities of dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents. Dietary polyphenols prevent and manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus via the insulin‐dependent approaches, for instance, protection of pancreatic islet β‐cell, reduction of β‐cell apoptosis, promotion of β‐cell proliferation, attenuation of oxidative stress, activation of insulin signaling, and stimulation of pancreas to secrete insulin, as well as…
Current state and future perspectives of biochar applications in Finland
2018
Kiinnostus biohiiltä kohtaan lisääntyy jatkuvasti, sillä biohiili tarjoaa taloudellisia ja ympäristön kannalta kestäviä ratkaisuja. Biohiiltä on tutkittu Suomessa noin kymmenen vuotta, mutta vasta viime aikoina sen taloudellinen kannattavuus on tunnistettu. Aikaisemmat biohiileen liittyvät tutkimukset ovat keskittyneet lähinnä pyrolyysiprosessiin, biohiilen ominaisuuksiin sekä biohiilen potentiaalisten käyttökohteiden tutkimiseen. Biohiilen markkinatilannetta ei ole vielä Suomessa tutkittu, lukuun ottamatta biohiilen käyttöä energiantuotannossa (biohiilen poltto), mikä on kuitenkin rajattu tästä tutkimuksesta. Tämän työn tarkoitus on tutkia biohiilen käytön nykyistä tilannetta ja sen tuleva…
Earthworms and pH affect communities of nematodes and enchytraeids in forest soil
2003
In northern boreal forests the occurrence of endogeic and anecic earthworms is determined by soil pH. Increasing evidence suggests that large detritivorous soil animals such as earthworms can influence the other components of the decomposer community. To study the effects of earthworms and pH on soil nematode and enchytraeid communities, a factorially designed experiment was conducted with Lumbricus rubellus and/or Aporrectodea caliginosa. Earthworms were added to "mesocosms" containing unlimed (pH 4.8) or limed (pH 6.1) coniferous mor humus with their natural biota of micro-organisms. In the absence of earthworms, nematodes were significantly more abundant in limed than in unlimed humus. E…
Metagenomic Analysis of Milk of Healthy and Mastitis-Suffering Women.
2015
Background: Some studies have been conducted to assess the composition of the bacterial communities inhabiting human milk, but they did not evaluate the presence of other microorganisms, such as fungi, archaea, protozoa, or viruses. Objective: This study aimed to compare the metagenome of human milk samples provided by healthy and mastitis-suffering women. Methods: DNA was isolated from human milk samples collected from 10 healthy women and 10 women with symptoms of lactational mastitis. Shotgun libraries from total extracted DNA were constructed and the libraries were sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing. Results: The amount of human DNA sequences was ≥ 90% in all the samples. Among the bacteri…
Gut microbiota changes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), during organic acid feed supplementation and Yersinia ruckeri infection
2013
Gut microbiota (GM) composition of vertebrates are considered to influence health parameters including immunological parameters in the host but knowledge of these issues in fish are sparse. We have performed a 45 day experimental study elucidating effects of dietary supplementation of organic acids (Mera Cid) and immunostimulants on the GM composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and investigated its association with blood parameters and disease resistance (against enteric red mouth disease (ERM) caused the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri). A total of 640 fish received either 1) basic fish feed without organic acids or immunostimulants, 2) fish feed with immunostimulants (β6glu…