Search results for "Biotic stress"
showing 10 items of 86 documents
Habitat degradation correlates with tolerance to climate-change related stressors in the green mussel Perna viridis from West Java, Indonesia
2013
It is unclear whether habitat degradation correlates with tolerance of marine invertebrates to abiotic stress. We therefore tested whether resistance to climate change-related stressors differs between populations of the green mussel Perna viridis from a heavily impacted and a mostly pristine site in West Java, Indonesia. In laboratory experiments, we compared their oxygen consumption and mortality under lowered salinity (-13 and -18 units, both responses), hypoxia (0.5 mg/l, mortality only) and thermal stress (+7 degrees C, mortality only). Mussels from the eutrophied and polluted Jakarta Bay showed a significantly smaller deviation from their normal oxygen consumption and higher survival …
INVESTIGATION OF BIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN FRUIT TREE CROPS USING META-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES.
2020
In recent years, RNA sequencing and analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods have enabled to understand the gene expression pertaining to plant biotic and abiotic stress conditions in both quantitative and qualitative manner. The large number of transcriptomic works published in plants requires more meta-analysis studies that would identify common and specific features in relation of the high number of objective studies performed at different developmental and environmental conditions. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data will identify commonalities and differences between differentially regulated gene lists and will allow screen which genes are key players in gene-gene and p…
Recovery and genotyping ancient Sicilian monumental olive trees
2023
The long-lived and evergreen olive tree dominates the Mediterranean landscape, representing an agroecological and cultural symbol and a genetic heritage of inestimable value. Sicily, for historical, geographical, and cultural reasons, has a very rich and distinctive olive germplasm. In this work, a large survey was conducted to discover, collect, and characterize the genetic diversity of centennial monumental olive trees from historical sites, such as the Greek Temple Valley (Agrigento), ancient gardens, or farmland present in the western part of the island. Trees were chosen based on their height, trunk, stump size, and presumed age; particularly, only olive trees with an age estimated at …
INVESTIGATION ON THE GENETIC BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN FRUIT TREE CROPS
2021
Plant stress can be divided into two major categories: abiotic stress and biotic stress. Abiotic stress happens when plants are exposed to the environment either physically or chemically. There is an emergency in developing crop varieties that are tolerant to abiotic stresses to ensure food security and safety in the coming years. Multiple abiotic stress like drought, heat, frost at flowering and nutrient deficiency can cause an erratic fruiting behavior or following extreme events, the death of the plants. Plants require an optimal level of nutrients and essential minerals for their growth and development that are mainly acquired from soil by their roots. Nutrient deficiency is an environm…
Correlating stress and somatic embryogenesis for NBT: myth or reality?
2018
Global warming and growing demography have increased demand for agronomic resources, leading to increasing lack of land suitable for agriculture and provoking several abiotic stresses which, added to biotic ones, result in physiological and metabolic disorders that impact on crop yield when most needed. Reducing this impact is a major scientific and agronomic challenge and biotechnology would be an efficient alternative. However, to reduce risks of somaclonal variation among regenerants it is better to produce them by somatic embryogenesis directly from explants or gametes, or indirectly from callus or cell suspensions. Thus, globular embryos regenerate and develop through to the heart, tor…
Developing fall-sown pea cultivars as an answer to the challenges of climatic changes
2012
Chapitre 4; International audience; Pea is considered rather well adapted to wide temperature ranges, with seedlings able to survive even -20 °C. From a physiological viewpoint, pea becomes tolerant to frost if first exposed to low non-freezing temperatures, causing the so-called cold acclimation. Delayed floral initiation helps some forage pea genotypes to escape the main winter freezing periods, as susceptibility to frost increases during the transition to the reproductive state. The oldest winter pea cultivars carry the dominant allele, Hr, although some bear hr. They are generally characterized by prominent winter hardiness and a long growing season, from sowing in early October until e…
Challenges and opportunities for innovative research on legume nutrition and stress adaptation: an ecophysiologist’s and phenotyping point of view
2019
International audience; Agroecology needs to reconcile agronomy and ecology, preserving and valorizing plant and microbe biodiversity. Legumes have merits for agroecology considering their ecological services. They constitute a protein source and their production relocation give merits for feed and food. However, they are still under represented due to both biotic and abiotic constraints. Research need to increase their profitability through higher and more stable yield and protein content, and new uses in a fluctuating environment [2]. Mechanisms which control nutrient use efficiency have to be highlighted i) considering nutrient acquisition, storage, remobilization [3] ii) under various c…
Root growth and development under heat and water stresses: a comparative study determining independent and combined effects in four grain legume spec…
2018
International audience; hanks to their ability to fix atmospheric dinitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, grain legumes provide a sustainable way to ensure food and nutritional security. Unfortunately, these crops are highly susceptible to environmental constraints such as heat or water stresses which leads to fluctuating yields as compared to cereals. In the context of climate change, more frequent episodes of heat stress, concomitant (or not) with water stress are expected. This emphasizes the need to identify key plant traits towards a better yield stability under stressful conditions.
Liquid ordered domains of tobacco cell plasma membrane : in vivo visualization, spatial distribution and modulation upon elicitation
2012
SPE IPM; International audience; The ability of lipids in complex mixtures to form liquid-ordered, sterol-rich phases, together with the association of specific proteins with sterol-enriched biochemical fractions extracted from biological membranes, gave raise to the "lipid rafts" hypothesis. This suggests the presence within biological membranes of small-sized, ordered domains, of particular lipid and protein composition, which could serve as signal transduction platforms, particularly during plant-microorganisms interactions. However, the precise organization of living cell plasma membrane is still poorly described and the spatial distribution of segregating liquid-disordered and liquid-o…
Impact of stresses associated to climate changes on natural and induced grapevine resistance to pathogens
2013
France is a worldwide leader in grape production and has to face global changes including climate evolution and transitions towards sustainable systems of production. One major problem in viticulture is indeed the high susceptibility of most of the grown cultivars to cryptogamic diseases, such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). Maintaining a satisfactory health status of grapevine currently requires numerous fungicide treatments. However, in an objective of sustainable viticulture, there is increasing societal request, winegrower awareness, and political incitation to reduce this use of pesticides. For these reasons, alternative strategies of protection are currently investigated at the…