Search results for "Boiler"
showing 8 items of 28 documents
Maturation of critical technologies for the DEMO balance of plant systems
2022
The Pre-Concept Design (PCD) of the Balance of Plant (BoP) systems of the EU-DEMO power plant is described in this paper for both breeding blanket (BB) concepts under assessment, namely the Water Cooled Lithium Lead (WCLL) BB and the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) BB. Moreover, the results of a preliminary evaluation of a number of BoP variants are discussed. This paper outlines the steps of the BoP design development, highlighting the project objectives and the strategy for their achievement under the very challenging requirements which include, among others, the intermittent nature of the DEMO plasma heat source. The main achievements during the PCD Phase will be reported together with t…
Approche géographique des approvissionnements en plaquettes foréstières des chaufferies du secteur collectif/tertiaire : application au Pays Loue-Lis…
2011
In a context of strong increase of fuelwood demand in the collective sector, the supply issue becomes central to all stakeholders, raising many issues relating to land and forestry planning, local development, environment ... Meanwhile, questions emerge: how much energy can be mobilized sustainably? Does the spatial and structural configuration of forests influence the supply process? Do we seek to minimize transport distances? Can we observe spatial competition between the boilers ? To understand the current organization of supplies, we analyzed two sets of data traceability of wood chips. Then, we have developed a model of local supply basins, considering constraints of renewability of th…
Demo 167. Destilación por enfriamiento con un frasco de Franklin vertical
2021
Se presenta una demostración de aula que muestra que las fases líquida y vapor de una disolución que coexisten en equilibrio tienen distinta composición. Se muestra también que el disolvente y el soluto de una disolución en un frasco de Franklin vertical se pueden separar mediante destilación, concretamente condensando la fase vapor. A classroom demonstration is presented showing that the liquid and vapor phases of a solution that coexist in equilibrium have different composition. It is also shown that the solvent and solute of the solution in a vertical Franklin flask can be separated by distillation, specifically by condensing the vapor phase.
Electrodynamic Control of the Combustion Characteristics and Heat Energy Production
2015
ABSTRACTElectric field effects (EFE) on combustion characteristics, heat energy production, and composition of polluting emissions have been investigated experimentally for different types of fuels (natural gas, biomass) providing experimental study of the EFE in a district heating boiler and complex modeling experiments in a small-scale pilot device. The DC field-induced variations of the produced heat energy, efficiency of heat energy production, flame characteristics, and the composition of polluting emissions have been studied for a positively biased axially inserted electrode and negatively biased (grounded) heat surfaces by varying the applied DC voltage, net current, and consumed ele…
Physical properties of aerosol particles measured from a bubbling fluidized bed boiler
2015
Abstract Increased use of biomass and waste fuels, and the consequent corrosion problem have led to an increased need to study and monitor the combustion processes. This study presents an extensive physical characterization of aerosol particles measured from a bubbling fluidized bed boiler with different fuel mixtures and optional ferric sulfate feeding. The fuel mixtures included bark, sludge, peat and solid recovered fuel. Previously, the characterization of the particles analyzed from a fluidized bed reactor has mainly focused on chemical off-line analysis of collected impactor samples, large coarse mode particles or laboratory-scale reactors. In this study, the focus is in the particle …
Combustion behavior of black liquors : droplet swelling and influence of liquor composition
2017
The combustion of black liquor (BL) in a recovery boiler is a central process in a kraft pulp mill for recovering the cooking chemicals and for producing heat and power. This work explored the most important combustion behavior of BL, the swelling of in-flight droplets, from the viewpoint of liquor composition. It also studied the combustion behavior of BL droplets obtained from two biorefining subprocesses (carbonation and hot-water pretreatment, HWP) and sulfur-free pulping alternatives (soda-anthraquinone (AQ) and oxygen-alkali pulping). The formation of a plastic state essential for the swelling of BL droplet was found to result from the melting of an array of carbohydrate-derived aliph…
Towards controlling PCDD/F production in a multi-fuel fired BFB boiler using two sulfur addition strategies
2014
Abstract PCDD/F abatement strategies – sulfur pellet addition and peat co-combustion – were tested for a BFB boiler facility utilizing SRF-bark-sludge as fuel. In this paper chemical and physical analyses of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) fly ashes were used to explain the differences in the performance of these strategies. These analyses revealed a difference between the coarse and fine fly ashes collected in the ESP. Chemical analysis of the fine fly ashes revealed high concentration of easily volatilized elements while the SEM micrographs showed that fine ash are composed of clusters of spherical particles, thereby leading to a conclusion that fine ashes were originally in a gas phase …
Quantile index for gradual and abrupt change detection from CFB boiler sensor data in online settings
2012
In this paper we consider the problem of online detection of gradual and abrupt changes in sensor data having high levels of noise and outliers. We propose a simple heuristic method based on the Quantile Index (QI) and study how robust this method is for detecting both gradual and abrupt changes with such data. We evaluate the performance of our method on the artificially generated and real datasets that represent different operational settings of a pilot circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor and CFB cold model. Our experiments suggest that QI can be used for designing very simple yet effective methods for gradual change detection in the noisy sensor data. It can be also used for detectin…