Search results for "Bow"

Apoptosis of T cells and the control of inflammatory bowel disease: therapeutic implications.

2007

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the result of an imbalanced mucosal T cell response. Despite the identification of a genetic susceptibility region in the NOD2/CARD15 (nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 2/caspase recruitment domain 15) gene, the aetiology is still unclear. Thus, the hunt for disease-initiating factors such as defects in the mucosal barrier or pathogenic microorganisms is ongoing. By contrast, the immunopathogenesis in IBDs is better understood. The identification of cytokines that are involved in T cell and monocyte signalling led to specific therapeutic concepts. Recent data have clearly shown that the most powerf…

Template-Directed Protein Folding into a Metastable State of Increased Activity

1995

The principal objective of this work was to distinguish between kinetic and thermodynamic reaction control in protein folding. The deleterious effects of a specific mutation on spontaneous refolding competence were analyzed for this purpose. A Bowman-Birk-type proteinase inhibitor of trypsin and chymotrypsin was selected as a double-headed model protein to facilitate the detection of functional irregularities by the use of functional assays. The parent protein spontaneously folds into a single, fully active and thermodynamically stable state in a redox buffer after reduction/denaturation. By contrast, the properties of a P'1Ser--Pro variant in the trypsin-reactive subdomain differ before an…

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Herbal Preparations STW5 and STW5-II in Cytokine-Challenged Normal Human Colon Cells

2016

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing intestinal disorders characterized by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by invasion of immune cells to the intestinal lamina propria. Standard therapies consist of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Since clinical efficiency is not satisfactory and the established drugs have massive side effects, new strategies to treat IBD are required. Herein, we investigate the protective effect of the fixed combination herbal preparations STW5 and STW5-II and the contribution of the corresponding single components in an in vitro inflammation model. The normal human colon epithelial cell line, NCM460, was treated with S…

Response of rainbow trout transcriptome to model chemical contaminants.

2004

We used high-density cDNA microarray in studies of responses of rainbow trout fry at sublethal ranges of beta-naphthoflavone, cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, and pyrene. The differentially expressed genes were grouped by the functional categories of Gene Ontology. Significantly different response to the studied compounds was shown by a number of classes, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, signal transduction, oxidative stress, subcellular and extracellular structures, protein biosynthesis, and modification. Cluster analysis separated responses to the contaminants at low and medium doses, whereas at high levels the adaptive reactions were masked with general unspecific response to toxicity. We fo…

The lung in inflammatory bowel disease.

2000

Dzīves kvalitāte pacientiem ar iekaisīgo zarnu slimībām Latvijā

2017

Ievads: čūlains kolīts (ČK) un Krona slimība (KS) ir divas galvenās neizārstējamās iekaisīgu zarnu slimības (IZS), kuras bez slimībai specifiskajiem simptomiem būtiski ietekmē arī pacientu dzīves kvalitāti (DzK). Darba mērķi: Novērtēt pacientu ar IZS dzīves kvalitāti, korelāciju starp slimības gaitu un DzK, salīdzināt ČK un KS pacientu dzīves kvalitāti un noskaidrot, vai pastāv korelācija starp DzK un klīniskajiem un demogrāfiskiem rādītājiem. Materiāls un metodes: Tika atlasīti gan stacionēti, gan ambulatori pacienti, kuriem tika lūgts aizpildīt IZS anketu (IZSA), novērtējot sociālos, emocionālos u.c. aspektus, kā arī otru anketu ar vispārīgiem un demogrāfiskiem datiem. Rezultāti: Kopā pēt…

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the toxicity of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides to the Rainbow trout Onchorhyncus mykiss.

2006

This study has investigated the development of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the toxicity to rainbow trout Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum of 75 organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The toxicity data were obtained from an openly available toxicological database and were selected to be representative of a single endpoint. A large number of physicochemical and structural descriptors were calculated for the pesticides. QSAR models were developed using multiple linear regression and partial least-squares analyses. Following the removal of a small number of outliers, predictive QSARs were developed on small numbers of mechanistically relevant descriptors. Applying m…

QSAR methods for the discovery of new inflammatory bowel disease drugs

2013

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents an important class of chronic gastrointestinal tract disease. And although there are already several useful treatments to reduce and control the symptoms, there is still no cure. One drug discovery technique used is the computer-aided (in silico) discovery approach which has largely demonstrated efficacy. Computational techniques, when used in combination with traditional drug discovery methodology, greatly increase the chance of drug discovery in a sustainable and economical fashion.This review aims to provide the most recent and important advances of in silico IBD drug discovery. While this review is mainly focused on QSAR methods, especially th…

Small Bowel Perforations: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

2016

The incidence of small bowel perforation is low but can develop from a variety of causes including Crohn disease, ischemic or bacterial enteritis, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, volvulus, intussusception, trauma, and ingested foreign bodies. In contrast to gastroduodenal perforation, the amount of extraluminal air in small bowel perforation is small or absent in most cases. This article will illustrate the main aspects of small bowel perforation, focusing on anatomical reasons of radiological findings and in the evaluation of the site of perforation using plain film, ultrasound, and multidetector computed tomography equipments. In particular, the authors highlight the anatomic key notes…

Specific Regulation of T Helper Cell 1–mediated Murine Colitis by CEACAM1

2004

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell surface molecule that has been proposed to negatively regulate T cell function. We have shown that CEACAM1 is associated with specific regulation of T helper cell (Th)1 pathways, T-bet–mediated Th1 cytokine signaling, and Th1-mediated immunopathology in vivo. Mice treated with anti–mouse CEACAM1-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) CC1 during the effector phase exhibited a reduced severity of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in association with decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production. Although oxazolone colitis has been reported as Th2 mediated, mice treated with the CC1 mAb or a CEACAM1-Fc chimeric protein…