Search results for "Bowel disease"
showing 10 items of 449 documents
Understanding the delayed onset of action of azathioprine in IBD: are we there yet?
2009
In this issue of Gut , Ben-Horin et al propose an innovative explanation for the well known phenomenon of the delayed onset of action of thiopurines ( see page 396 ). They thereby contribute to an improved insight into the exact mode of action of the classic immunosuppressive drug azathioprine.1 Developing azathioprine as an innovative immunosuppressive drug in 1957, Gertrude Elion and George Hitchings laid the basis for the currently utilised concept of steroid-sparing treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).2 With regard to the evidence-based immunosuppressive capacity and clinical efficacy of azathioprine in the context of IBD as well as considering the proven long-term…
Skeletal status assessed by quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A 2-year prospe…
2019
PURPOSE To assess the bone status in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and after two years of adequate treatment of the IBD and bone protection medication. METHODS Sixteen children (six boys) with IBD, aged 13.4±2.4 years, were examined at baseline and two years later. DXA was used to asses bone mineral density (BMD) and reference data were provided by the device's manufacturer (Hologic Explorer). QUS measurements were performed in patients and controls - 48 healthy children. RESULTS Mean Z-scores for TB- and s-BMD were significantly below zero for both, baseline and follow-u…
Effectiveness and safety of biologics in pediatric inflammatory boweldisease: Real-life data from the Sicilian Network
2019
Background: Biological therapies have modified the disease course of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are routinely used in clinical practice. Our observational study aims to evaluate effectiveness and safety of biologics in IBD. Method: Clinical benefit and safety data of 93 children with IBD, receiving biologics (Infliximab – IFX, Adalimumab – ADA, Golimumab – GOL) from January 2013 to December 2017, were extracted from the cohort of the Sicilian Network of IBD. Results: Among 87 children aged 7–17 years (63 Crohn's disease [CD], 24 Ulcerative colitis [UC]), 101 out of 108 biologic treatments were considered. Evaluation of 74 biologic treatments in CD patients at 26, 52, 104…
Protection against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colonic inflammation in mice by the marine products bolinaquinone and petrosaspongioli…
2005
Proinflammatory mediators, namely eicosanoids, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cytokines, are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal bowel disease. bolinaquinone (BQ) and petrosaspongiolide M (PT), two marine products with potent anti-inflammatory action, have been shown to control the production of mediators in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Hence, we have tested here the hypothesis that BQ and PT could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. BQ and PT were given orally in doses of 10 or 20mg/kg/day. Treatment of the animals with BQ or PT at the highest dose signifi…
Stepwise Regulation of TH1 Responses in Autoimmunity: Il-12-Related Cytokines and Their Receptors
2005
Interleukin (IL)-12 is a key cytokine of cell-mediated immune responses. Until recently, IL-12 was believed to be unique in its ability to induce the differentiation of naive T cells toward the TH1 phenotype and in its pathogenic activity, as shown in various disease models including inflammatory bowel disease. However, recently, 2 additional cytokines closely related to IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27, were discovered. Until then, the role of IL-12 was overestimated because it was believed that the p40 subunit was unique to IL-12. The discovery that IL-12 shares p40 with IL-23 and that IL-23 but not IL-12 is essential in models of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity led to a model in which IL-12 …
Fas signaling-mediated T
2018
Fas induces apoptosis in activated T cell to maintain immune homeostasis, but the effects of non-apoptotic Fas signaling on T cells remain unclear. Here we show that Fas promotes TH9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca2+-dependent PKC-β activation. In addition, PKC-β also phosphorylates p38 to inactivate NFAT1 and reduce NFAT1-NF-κB synergy to promote the Fas-induced TH9 transcription program. Fas ligation exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease by increasing TH9 cell differentiation, and promotes antitumor activity in p38 inhibitor-treated TH9 cells. Furthermore, low-dose p38 inhibitor suppresses tumor growth without inducing systemic adverse effects. In patients with tumor, rel…
T-bet as a possible therapeutic target in autoimmune disease
2002
The prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by T helper-1 (T(H1)) cells in regulating autoimmune responses in vitro and in vivo has been demonstrated. Recent observations of T cell polarisation by regulatory transcription factors--especially T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells)--raise the question of their influence in controlling autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors summarise recent observations of the role of T-bet in controlling chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss the implications of these findings for future therapeutic approaches.
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review
2012
Summary Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and although CMV pneumonia may be a fatal disease in IBD patients, little information is available on this issue. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for the development of CMV pneumonia in IBD patients and to find useful information to better manage this potentially fatal complication. Methods A computerized search without language restrictions was conducted using PubMed and SCOPUS. An article was considered eligible for inclusion in the systematic review if it reported detailed data on patients with IBD presenting with pneumonia due to CMV. Resul…
Diagnostic and vaccine strategies to prevent infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2016
Summary Objectives The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been revolutionized by the use of immunomodulatory agents. Although these potent drugs are effective in controlling disease activity, they also cause an increased risk of new infections or reactivation of latent infections. On these premises, we aimed to provide guidance on the definitions of immunocompromised patients, opportunistic infections and the risk factors associated with their occurrence in an IBD context, and to suggest the proper screening tests for infectious diseases and the vaccination schedules to perform before and/or during therapy with immunomodulators. Methods All the most recent evidences – filtere…
Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
2017
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, have important extraintestinal manifestations, notably in the oral cavity. These oral manifestations can constitute important clinical clues in the diagnosis and management of IBD, and include changes at the immune and bacterial levels. Aphthous ulcers, pyostomatitis vegetans, cobblestoning and gingivitis are important oral findings frequently observed in IBD patients. Their presentations vary considerably and might be well diagnosed and distinguished from other oral lesions. Infections, drug side effects, deficiencies in some nutrients and many other diseases involved with oral manifestations should also b…